Observational studyJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2018
Micronutrient Status and Nutritional Intake in 0- to 2-Year-old Children Consuming a Cows' Milk Exclusion Diet.
Observational study in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Pregnant Females and Their Infants in Norway: Secondary Analysis from the Mommy's Food Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Effects of dietary intervention on vitamin BBMC pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Review
- Micronutrient status and growth outcomes in children with cow's milk allergy: beyond elimination diets.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Cow's Milk Allergy in Breastfed Infants: What We Need to Know About Mechanisms, Management, and Maternal Role.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Zinc bioaccessibility of foodstuffs afterFood & nutrition research · 2025Article
- Evolutive Study of Dietary Aspects and Intestinal Microbiota of Pediatric Cohort with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Malnutrition and Allergies: Tipping the Immune Balance towards Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers in Brazilian Infants with Cow's Milk Allergy at Diagnosis and 18-Month Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Article
- Nutritional risks in children with food allergy.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- International Cross-Sectional Survey among Healthcare Professionals on the Management of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Lactose Intolerance in Infants and Children.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2022Article
- Body growth assessment in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy fed with a new amino acid-based formula.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- Growth in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Fed an Amino Acid-Based Formula.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2021Article
- Current Guidelines and Future Strategies for the Management of Cow's Milk Allergy.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2021Review
- Veganism and paediatric food allergy: two increasingly prevalent dietary issues that are challenging when co-occurring.BMC pediatrics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo study micronutrient status and nutritional intake from complementary feeding in children on a cows' milk exclusion (CME) diet.
methodsFifty-seven children with cows' milk allergy, younger than 2 years, were included in a cross-sectional study. Blood was analyzed for micronutrient status. Complementary feeding was defined as all solids and liquids except of breast milk, and assessed by 3-day food diary. The results were analyzed according to 3 feeding patterns: mainly breast-fed (mBF), partially breast-fed, and no breast milk group (nBM).
resultsThe children had a median age of 9 months and micronutrient status was within normal range for total homocysteine (p-tHcy), s-B12, s-folate, b-Hb, s-ferritin, s-zinc, and s-25(OH)D. There were no significant differences between feedings groups, except for B12-biomarkers. The mBF had higher p-tHcy (P < 0.000) and lower s-B12 (P = 0.002) compared nBM. Vitamin B12 deficiency (p-tHcy >6.5 μmol/L combined with s-B12 <250 pmol/L) was found in 12% of participants, most frequently among the mBF (36%) and none in nBM group (P = 0.009). Vitamin B12 intake from complementary feeding was negatively correlated with p-tHcy (r = -0.479, P = 0.001) and positively with s-B12 (r = 0.410, P = 0.003). Iron deficiency anemia was found in 5%. Iron intake correlated positively with b-Hb (r = 0.324, P = 0.02). Zinc deficiency was found in 7% and low 25(OH)D in 9%. Vitamin D intake was positively correlated with the use of supplements (r = 0.456, P = 0.001).
conclusionThe risk of B12 deficiency was high in mBF infants on CME diet, and complementary feeding was associated with better B12 status. Iron, zinc, and vitamin D deficiencies were present in all feeding groups. Complementary feeding should be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age. Vitamin D supplement is recommended to ensure adequate intake.
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