Observational studyInternational urogynecology journal2018
Could the correct side of mediolateral episiotomy be determined according to anal sphincter EMG?
Observational study in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Between-sexes differences in lumbopelvic muscle mechanical properties of non-climacteric adults: a cross-sectional design.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study.Biosensors · 2021Article
- Characterization of Pelvic Floor Activity in Healthy Subjects and with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Diagnostic Potential of Surface Electromyography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Surface EMG in Clinical Assessment and Neurorehabilitation: Barriers Limiting Its Use.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisMediolateral episiotomy is one of the most frequent surgical interventions performed in obstetrics. There is conflicting evidence as to whether mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI). Recent studies suggest that functional asymmetry of pelvic floor innervation exists in healthy women and is strongly associated with postpartum incontinence when the trauma occurs on the dominant side of innervation. Mediolateral episiotomy is the most common cause of perineal trauma during delivery, and the surgical incision is usually performed on the mediolateral right side. Surface electromyography (EMG) has been recently applied in obstetrics for detecting electrical activity of the external anal sphincter (EAS).
methodsTwo hundred and forty-five pregnant nulliparous women at their second and third trimester of pregnancy were recruited, and EMG signals were detected using a multichannel cylindric anal probe. Measurements were repeated and compared 6-8 weeks after delivery on a subgroup of 167 women who were divided in two groups according to EMG amplitude asymmetry before delivery and two subgroups according to type of delivery: (1A) asymmetric left, episiotomy right; (1B) asymmetric left, other types of deliveries; (2A) asymmetric right, episiotomy right; (2B) asymmetric right, other type of deliveries.
resultsThe reduction of EMG amplitude after right episiotomy was larger in women with right asymmetric sphincter compared with women with left asymmetry and women with other types of delivery.
conclusionsPrenatal EMG may be used to predict the impact of right-sided mediolateral episiotomy on EAS and perhaps also function following delivery.
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Registered trials
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