ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2018
Where have all the children gone? High HIV prevalence in infants attending nutrition and inpatient entry points.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Timely and Efficient Infant Diagnosis Is Required to End AIDS in Children.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among children in South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire and Zimbabwe: a model-based analysis to inform paediatric HIV screening programmes.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Adapting strategies for effective and efficient pediatric HIV case finding in low prevalence countries: risk screening tool for testing children presenting at high-risk entry points in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Implementing an Indeterminate Range for More Accurate Early Infant Diagnosis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Where have all the children gone? High HIV prevalence in infants attending nutrition and inpatient entry points.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite notable progress towards PMTCT, only 50% of HIV-exposed infants in sub-Saharan Africa were tested within the first 2 months of life and only 30% of HIV-infected infants are on antiretroviral treatment. This study assessed HIV prevalence in infants and children receiving care at various service entry points in primary healthcare facilities in Uganda.
methodsA total of 3600 infants up to 24 months of age were systematically enrolled and tested at four regional hospitals across Uganda. Six hundred infants were included and tested from six facility entry points: PMTCT, immunization, inpatient, nutrition, outpatient and community outreach services.
findingsThe traditional EID entry point, PMTCT, had a prevalence of 3.8%, representing 19.6% of the total HIV-positive infants identified in the study. Fifty percent of the 117 identified HIV-positive infants were found in the nutrition wards, which had a prevalence of 9.8% (p < 0.001 compared to PMTCT). Inpatient wards had a prevalence of 3.5% and yielded 17.9% of the HIV-positive infants identified. Infants tested at immunization wards and through outreach services identified 0.8% and 1.7% of the HIV-positive infants respectively, and had a prevalence of less than 0.3%.
conclusionsExpanding routine early infant diagnosis screening beyond the traditional PMTCT setting to nutrition and inpatient entry points will increase the identification of HIV-infected infants. Careful reflection for appropriate testing strategies, such as maternal re-testing to identify new HIV infections and HIV-exposed infants in need of follow-up testing and care, at immunization and outreach services should be considered given the expectedly low prevalence rates. These findings may help HIV care programmes significantly expand testing to improve access to early infant diagnosis and paediatric treatment.
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