Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29476569›Full record

ReviewJournal of internal medicine2018

The role of pregnancy, perinatal factors and hormones in maternal cancer risk: a review of the evidence.

R Troisi, T Bjørge, M Gissler, T Grotmol, C M Kitahara, S M Myrtveit Saether, A G Ording, C Sköld, H T Sørensen, B Trabert and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Article
  9. Experiences of Discrimination and DNA Methylation Among Black Nulliparous Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Gravida and Birth Outcomes Prior to and after Diagnosis of Early Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer among Female Patients: Population-Based Epidemiologic Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Environmental basis for early onset breast cancer.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025
    Article

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

R TroisiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
T BjørgeDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
M GisslerInformation Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
T GrotmolCancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
C M KitaharaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
S M Myrtveit SaetherDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
A G OrdingDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
C SköldDepartment of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
H T SørensenDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
B TrabertDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
I GlimeliusDepartment of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6158-3041
National Institutes of Health · USAarhus University Hospital · DKCancer Registry of Norway · NOUppsala University · SEKarolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Bergen · NO

Funding

Early Life Exposures and Subsequent Cancer RiskZIACP010168 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI GIERACH, GRETCHEN · 2009 to 2025
$40.9M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA CP010168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An understanding of the origin of cancer is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. Complex biological mechanisms promote carcinogenesis, and there is increasing evidence that pregnancy-related exposures influence foetal growth cell division and organ functioning and may have a long-lasting impact on health and disease susceptibility in the mothers and offspring. Nulliparity is an established risk factor for breast, ovarian, endometrial and possibly pancreatic cancer, whilst the risk of kidney cancer is elevated in parous compared with nulliparous women. For breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, each pregnancy provides an additional risk reduction. The associations of parity with thyroid and colorectal cancers are uncertain. The timing of reproductive events is also recognized to be important. Older age at first birth is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and older age at last birth is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. The risks of breast and endometrial cancers increase with younger age at menarche and older age at menopause. The mechanisms, and hormone profiles, that underlie alterations in maternal cancer risk are not fully understood and may differ by malignancy. Linking health registries and pooling of data in the Nordic countries have provided opportunities to conduct epidemiologic research of pregnancy exposures and subsequent cancer. We review the maternal risk of several malignancies, including those with a well-known hormonal aetiology and those with less established relationships. The tendency for women to have fewer pregnancies and at later ages, together with the age-dependent increase in the incidence of most malignancies, is expected to affect the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer.

Indexed as

PregnancyAge FactorsChorionic GonadotropinEpigenesis, GeneticEstrogen Replacement TherapyEstrogensFemaleHumansLeptinMenarcheMenopauseNeoplasmsParityPre-EclampsiaProgesteroneRisk AssessmentChorionic GonadotropinEstrogensLeptinProgesteroneSomatomedinsbreast cancercolorectal cancerendometrial cancerNordic registriesovarian cancerPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID29476569
PMCPMC6688839
OpenAlexW2789852907

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.