SynthesisNeurocritical care2019
Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Neurocritical care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain intraparenchymal hemorrhage following urgent cesarean section: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of peripartum obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A nationwide inpatient database in Japan.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Intracranial Hemorrhage During Pregnancy: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review and a Rare Case Report of Early-Onset Eclampsia with Intracranial Hemorrhage and HELLP Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A multidisciplinary approach to management of a non-traumatic subdural hematoma in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case report and review of literature.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Neurosurgical emergencies during pregnancy - Management dilemmas.Surgical neurology international · 2023Article
- Impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on short- and long-term outcomes of pregnancy-associated hemorrhagic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Pregnancy: A Case Report.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and stroke risk in women.Neurobiology of disease · 2022Article
- The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke.Circulation research · 2022Review
- Neurocritical Care of the Pregnant Patient.Current treatment options in neurology · 2021Review
- Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women with Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture during Pregnancy.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Grape Seed Extract Polyphenols Improve Resistance Artery Function in Pregnant eNOSFrontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Maternal Stroke: an Update.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2019Review
- Imaging neurological emergencies in pregnancy and puerperium.Emergency radiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke in pregnant women has a mortality rate of 1.4 deaths per 100,000 deliveries. Vascular malformations are the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in this population; preeclampsia and other risk factors have been identified. However, nearly a quarter of strokes have an undeterminable cause. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is less frequent but results in significant morbidity. The main objective of this study is to review the literature on pregnant patients who had a spontaneous ICH. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on PubMed and the Cochrane library from January 1992 to September 2016 following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting pregnant patients with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and subdural hemorrhage (SDH) were selected and included if patients had non-structural ICH during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks postpartum confirmed by imaging. Twenty studies were included, and 43 patients identified. Twenty-two patients (51.3%) presented with IPH, 15 patients (34.8%) with SAH, and five patients (11.6%) with SDH. The most common neurosurgical management was clinical in 76.7% of patients, and cesarean section was the most common obstetrical management in 28% of patients. The most common maternal outcome was death (48.8%), and fetal outcomes were evenly distributed among term delivery, preterm delivery, and fetal or neonatal death. Spontaneous ICH carries a high maternal mortality with IPH being the most common type, most frequently presenting in the third trimester. Diagnosis and management do not differ for the parturient compared to the non-pregnant woman.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.