ArticleNature immunology2018
Toll-like receptor 9 antagonizes antibody affinity maturation.
Article in Nature immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmid-DNA EncodedPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Flow Cytometry-Based Rapid Assay for Antigen Specific Antibody Relative Affinity in SRBC-Immunized Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Expansion of B10 cellsInternational journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Unraveled role of TLR7-mediated interferon signaling activation in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- PTEN acts as a crucial inflammatory checkpoint controlling TLR9/IL-6 axis in B cells.iScience · 2024Article
- New Means and Challenges in the Targeting of BTK.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
- B cell memory: from generation to reactivation: a multipronged defense wall against pathogens.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Two Waves of Specific B Cell Memory Immunoreconstruction Observed in Anti-HHV1-3 IgG Kinetics after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- An integrated proteome and transcriptome of B cell maturation defines poised activation states of transitional and mature B cells.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptor mediated inflammation directs B cells towards protective antiviral extrafollicular responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mitigating Serious Adverse Events in Gene Therapy with AAV Vectors: Vector Dose and Immunosuppression.Drugs · 2023Review
- NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Autophagy Induced by Toll-like Receptor Ligands Regulates Antigen Extraction and Presentation by B Cells.Cells · 2022Article
- Increased B Cell Understanding Puts Improved Vaccine Platforms Just Over the Horizon.Immune network · 2022Review
- Genetic dissection of TLR9 reveals complex regulatory and cryptic proinflammatory roles in mouse lupus.Nature immunology · 2022Article
- A Precision Adjuvant Approach to Enhance Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines Optimized for Immunologically Distinct Vulnerable Populations.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- The extrafollicular response is sufficient to drive initiation of autoimmunity and early disease hallmarks of lupus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022Review
- Resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: underlying mechanisms and reversal strategies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Key events in T cell-dependent antibody responses, including affinity maturation, are dependent on the B cell's presentation of antigen to helper T cells at critical checkpoints in germinal-center formation in secondary lymphoid organs. Here we found that signaling via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) blocked the ability of antigen-specific B cells to capture, process and present antigen and to activate antigen-specific helper T cells in vitro. In a mouse model in vivo and in a human clinical trial, the TLR9 agonist CpG enhanced the magnitude of the antibody response to a protein vaccine but failed to promote affinity maturation. Thus, TLR9 signaling might enhance antibody titers at the expense of the ability of B cells to engage in germinal-center events that are highly dependent on B cells' capture and presentation of antigen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.