ArticlePloS one2018
Long-term effects of conservative treatment of Milwaukee brace on body image and mental health of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying predictors of brace treatment outcomes for adolescents or adults with idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Comparing two corrective exercise approaches for body image and upper-quadrant posture in schoolgirls with hyperkyphosis.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effect of Core Stability Training on Correction and Surface Electronic Signals of Paravertebral in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Cobb angle outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves above the seventh/eighth thoracic vertebrae: A comparison of Milwaukee and Chêneau bracing techniques.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Surgical vs non-surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10-year narrative review of health-related quality of life and radiographic progression in 3315 patients.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Review
- Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Social Alienation in Adolescent Scoliosis Patients.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Spinal Orthosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Overview of the Braces Provided by the National Health Service in Italy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Long-Term Effects on Sexual Function in Women Treated With Scoliosis Correction for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Global spine journal · 2023Article
- The impact of pregnancy on women with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Internalization of the Western Standard of Beauty and Body Satisfaction: Evaluation Utilizing COPS and SATAQ-3 Questionnaires among Girls with Scoliosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Brace-Related Stress and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis.Spine surgery and related research · 2022Article
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Females with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Long-Term Effects of Milwaukee Brace Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of Core Stabilization Training on the Cobb Angle and Pulmonary Function in Adolescent Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Article
- The Effectiveness of Different Concepts of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to provide a complex assessment of adult females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after a minimum of 23 years after completed Milwaukee brace treatment. In the present study, a comparison between healthy female and AIS patients' perception of trunk disfigurement, self-image, mental health, pain level and everyday activity was made. Thirty AIS patients with a mean of 27.77 yrs (SD 3.30) after the treatment were included in the study. The control group consisted of 42 females, matching the age profile of the patient group. Study participants from both groups were examined using the same protocol, except for the radiological evaluation. Patients and healthy controls completed the Polish versions of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ). Patients additionally filled the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (BSSQ-Deformity) and Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (BSSQ-Brace). The study group's SAQ results differ significantly in regard to the total score and all individual domains, indicating better functioning among healthy controls. Except for the General domain (p = 0.002), among the remaining subscales the study group's results differed significantly at p<0.001. Considering SRS-22 results, it was revealed that the patient group scored higher, signaling better functioning with reference to pain level (p = 0.016), function/activity (p<0.001) and the total score (p<0.001). The findings add to the complexity of long-term effect evaluations of AIS, particularly amongst females treated with a Milwaukee brace. Long-term results were not conclusive in terms of nonverbal assessment of body image and emotional tension regarding the experiences of brace-wearing. Future patients can be reassured that scoliosis treated conservatively does not negatively affect everyday activity, pain level, childbearing and mental health. Subjects who declared to have psychological problems due to scoliosis had a bigger curve size after treatment and in this study than the other AIS patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.