ArticlePloS one2018
Phenyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate decrease glutathione level to render cells vulnerable to oxidative stress in renal tubular cells.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Elevated p-Cresyl Sulfate Levels Are Associated with Impaired Endothelial Function in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Curcumin on Olfactory Dysfunction and Indoxyl Sulphate in Hemodialysis Patients.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Systemic elevation of gut derivedFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Variation in metabolic pattern regulation under hypoxic conditions: a comparative study of rodents distributed at different altitudes.Frontiers in zoology · 2025Article
- The Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Culprits in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mineral Imbalance and Uremic Toxin Accumulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- In the Era of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Cardio-Oncology: From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by phenolic uremic toxins in CKD and DKD patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review of Elevated Para-Cresol in Autism and Possible Impact on Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Continuous intake of galacto-oligosaccharides containing syrup contributes to maintaining the health of household cats by modulating their gut microbiota.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025Article
- LC-MS/MS identifies elevated imidazole propionate and gut-derived metabolite alterations in peritoneal dialysis patients.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Role of Uremic Toxins in Vascular Inflammation Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Diabetic Kidney Disease: Contribution of Phenyl Sulfate Derived from Dietary Tyrosine upon Gut Microbiota Catabolism.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Exploring the Preventive and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Probiotics in Chronic Kidney Disease through the Gut-Kidney Axis.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Review
- Uremic toxins mediate kidney diseases: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Diabetes-associated breast cancer is molecularly distinct and shows a DNA damage repair deficiency.JCI insight · 2023Article
- SLC22A11 Inserts the Uremic Toxins Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresol Sulfate into the Plasma Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease patients, oxidative stress is generally associated with disease progression and pathogenesis of its comorbidities. Phenyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute, which accumulates in chronic kidney disease patients, but little is known about its nature. Although many reports revealed that protein-bound uremic solutes induce reactive oxygen species production, the effects of these solutes on anti-oxidant level have not been well studied. Therefore, we examined the effects of protein-bound uremic solutes on glutathione levels. As a result, indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate decreased glutathione levels in porcine renal tubular cells. Next we examined whether phenyl sulfate-treated cells becomes vulnerable to oxidative stress. In phenyl sulfate-treated cells, hydrogen peroxide induced higher rates of cell death than in control cells. Buthionine sulfoximine, which is known to decrease glutathione level, well mimicked the effect of phenyl sulfate. Finally, we evaluated a mixture of indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate at concentrations comparable to the serum concentrations of hemodialysis patients, and we confirmed its decreasing effect on glutathione level. In conclusion, indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate decrease glutathione levels, rendering the cells vulnerable to oxidative stress.
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