ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- From gluten to therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of celiac disease and emerging alternatives to the gluten-free diet.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Endogenous Aβ and Exogenous Wheat Gluten Nanostructures: Understanding Peptide Self-Assembly in Disease.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Fibroblast growth factor 23 regulates hypoxia‑induced osteoblast apoptosis through the autophagy‑signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2023Article
- The Combination of Gold and Silver Food Nanoparticles with Gluten Peptides Alters the Autophagic Pathway in Intestinal Crypt-like Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gluten Exorphins Promote Cell Proliferation through the Activation of Mitogenic and Pro-Survival Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Peculiar CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gliadin Peptide P31-43 Induces mTOR/NFkβ Activation and Reduces Autophagy: The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Gliadin proteolytical resistant peptides: the interplay between structure and self-assembly in gluten-related disorders.Biophysical reviews · 2021Review
- Aucubin prevents steroid-induced osteoblast apoptosis by enhancing autophagy via AMPK activation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Berberine Photo-Activation Potentiates Cytotoxicity in Human Astrocytoma Cells through Apoptosis Induction.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Constitutive Differential Features of Type 2 Transglutaminase in Cells Derived from Celiac Patients and from Healthy Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- MAGI2 Gene Region and Celiac Disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliadin, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of wheat, contains the factor toxic for celiac disease (CD), and its toxicity is not reduced by digestion with gastro-pancreatic enzymes. Importantly, it is proved that an innate immunity to gliadin plays a key role in the development of CD. The immune response induces epithelial stress and reprograms intraepithelial lymphocytes into natural killer (NK)-like cells, leading to enterocyte apoptosis and an increase in epithelium permeability. In this contribution, we have reported that in Caco-2 cells the administration of enzymatically digested gliadin (PT-gliadin) reduced significantly the expression of the autophagy-related marker LC3-II. Furthermore, electron and fluorescent microscope analysis suggested a compromised functionality of the autophagosome apparatus. The rescue of the dysregulated autophagy process, along with a reduction of PT-gliadin toxicity, was obtained with a starvation induction protocol and by 3-methyladenine administration, while rapamycin, a well-known autophagy inducer, did not produce a significant improvement in the clearance of extra- and intra-cellular fluorescent PT-gliadin amount. Altogether, our results highlighted the possible contribution of the autophagy process in the degradation and in the reduction of extra-cellular release of gliadin peptides and suggest novel molecular targets to counteract gliadin-induced toxicity in CD.
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