ReviewFrontiers in plant science2018
Do Galactolipid Synthases Play a Key Role in the Biogenesis of Chloroplast Membranes of Higher Plants?
Review in Frontiers in plant science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone-metabolism crosstalk in plants: an integrated signaling network coordinating growth and stress adaptation.Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Review
- Turning over a green leaf: integrating light signals toward chloroplast establishment.Plant physiology · 2026Review
- Structures of LPOR-Chlide complexes reveal the structural basis of membrane remodeling and photocatalysis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Membrane lipid remodeling under salt stress is associated with salt tolerance in lettuce.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Exploring the interplay between dietary plant glycolipids and gut microbiota: A systematic review.Gut microbes reports · 2026Review
- Production of biodiesel and biolubricant via co-cultivation of Arthrospira platensis and Rhodosporidium babjevae using pulp-paper mill sludge hydrolysate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of phosphorus deficiency on lipid composition and photosynthesis process in Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing tobacco quality and flavor through cold plasma treatment: structural, chemical, and sensory modifications.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- An epiallele of a gene encoding a PfkB-type carbohydrate kinase affects plant architecture in maize.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Cuticle development and the underlying transcriptome-metabolome associations during early seedling establishment.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Salicylic Acid and Water Stress: Effects on Morphophysiology and Essential Oil Profile ofMetabolites · 2024Article
- Lipid mediated plant immunity in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Changes in Polar Lipid Composition in Balsam Fir during Seasonal Cold Acclimation and Relationship to Needle Abscission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Alterations in Carbohydrate Quantities in Freeze-Dried, Relative to Fresh or Frozen Maize Leaf Disks.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Global transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes associated with different phosphorus acquisition strategies among soybean varieties.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Comparative changes in sugars and lipids show evidence of a critical node for regeneration in safflower seeds during aging.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Myelin sheath and cyanobacterial thylakoids as concentric multilamellar structures with similar bioenergetic properties.Open biology · 2021Article
- Sweet Modifications Modulate Plant Development.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Label-free quantitative proteomics of Sorghum bicolor reveals the proteins strengthening plant defense against insect pest Chilo partellus.Proteome science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A unique feature of chloroplasts is their high content of the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), which constitute up to 80% of their lipids. These galactolipids are synthesized in the chloroplast envelope membrane through the concerted action of galactosyltransferases, the so-called 'MGDG synthases (MGDs)' and 'DGDG synthases (DGDs),' which use uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose as donor. In Arabidopsis leaves, under standard conditions, the enzymes MGD1 and DGD1 provide the bulk of galactolipids, necessary for the massive expansion of thylakoid membranes. Under phosphate limited conditions, plants activate another pathway involving MGD2/MGD3 and DGD2 to provide additional DGDG that is exported to extraplastidial membranes where they partly replace phospholipids, a phosphate-saving mechanism in plants. A third enzyme system, which relies on the UDP-Gal-independent GGGT (also called SFR2 for SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2), can be activated in response to a freezing stress. The biosynthesis of galactolipids by these multiple enzyme sets must be tightly regulated to meet the cellular demand in response to changing environmental conditions. The cooperation between MGD and DGD enzymes with a possible substrate channeling from diacylglycerol to MGDG and DGDG is supported by biochemical and biophysical studies and mutant analyses reviewed herein. The fine-tuning of MGDG to DGDG ratio, which allows the reversible transition from the hexagonal II to lamellar α phase of the lipid bilayer, could be a key factor in thylakoid biogenesis.
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