ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2018
Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome.
Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 194 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
194citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The characteristics of early-stage research into human genes are substantially different from subsequent research.PLoS biology · 2022Pooled it
- A small-molecule TNIK inhibitor targets fibrosis in preclinical and clinical models.Nature biotechnology · 2025Trial
- 'Superdark' protein looks like a G-protein-coupled receptor - but shows unconventional behaviour.Nature · 2026Article
- Atomic-level protein-ligand recognition with PBCNet2.0 for probe discovery.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of deep learning architectures for predicting ligand interactions with neurologically relevant GPCRs.Journal of cheminformatics · 2026Article
- A quantitative approach for defining the degradability landscape of protein degraders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Degron-independent recruitment of KAT2A expands the target space of CRBN molecular glues.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Target identification and assessment in the era of AI.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Degradation of G-quadruplex-binding proteins in chromatin using G4-ligand-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CryptoBank: A resource for the identification and prediction of cryptic sites in proteins.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advancing target discovery through disease-specific integration of multi-modal target identification models and comprehensive benchmarking system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Translating multi-omics into healthcare: requisites for scalable and equitable implementation.Human genomics · 2026Review
- Decoding the dark genome reveals its organisation into modular disease networks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enantioselective protein affinity selection mass spectrometry (E-ASMS).Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pharmacophore-driven antibody discovery on the yeast surface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Data Distillery: A Graph Framework for Semantic Integration and Querying of Biomedical Data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Age- and Sex- Driven Transcriptional and Metabolic Diversity in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells After Mouse Sepsis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- LigExtract: Large-scale Automated Identification of Ligands from Protein Structures in the Protein Data Bank.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Recent Developments in the Optical Control of Adrenergic Signaling.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
41 authors.
Tudor I OpreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Cristian G BologaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Søren BrunakNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Allen CampbellIQVIA, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA.
Gregory N GanUNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Anna GaultonEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Shawn M GomezJoint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Rajarshi GuhaNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
Anne HerseyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Jayme HolmesDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Ajit JadhavNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
Lars Juhl JensenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Gary L JohnsonDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Anneli KarlsonEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Andrew R LeachEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Avi Ma'ayanIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Anna MalovannayaBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Subramani ManiDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Stephen L MathiasDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Michael T McManusUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Terrence F MeehanEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Christian von MeringInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Daniel MuthasRespiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Dac-Trung NguyenNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
John P OveringtonEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
George PapadatosEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Jun QinBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Christian ReichIQVIA, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Bryan L RothDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Stephan C SchürerDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Anton SimeonovNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
Larry A SklarUNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Noel SouthallNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
Susumu TomitaYale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Ilinca TudoseEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Oleg UrsuDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Dušica VidovicDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Anna WallerCenter for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
David WestergaardNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jeremy J YangDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Gergely Zahoránszky-KöhalmiDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Funding
Tissue Procurement & PathologyP50CA058223 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHARLES M PEROU · 1992 to 2026
$59.3MWOMEN'S CANCERS RESEARCH PROGRAMP30CA118100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI Yolanda Sanchez · 2005 to 2026
$57.1MUNM HSC Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR001449 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI CAMPEN, MATTHEW J, PANDHI, NANCY · 2015 to 2024
$36.9MMouse Phenotyping Informatics Infrastructure - MP12UM1HG006370 · NHGRI · EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY · PI Pilar Cacheiro Martinez, Helen Elizabeth Parkinson · 2016 to 2026
$20.4MIlluminating the Druggable GPCR-omeU24DK116195 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ROTH, BRYAN L., SHOICHET, BRIAN K · 2017 to 2022
$14.3MIlluminating Function of the Understudied Druggable KinomeU24DK116204 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI JOHNSON, GARY L. · 2017 to 2022
$13.6MIlluminating Druggable Dark MatterU24DK116214 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JAN, LILY Y, MCMANUS, MICHAEL T · 2017 to 2022
$12.9MMachine Learning Model Validation for AD/ADRDU24CA224370 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI EDWARDS, JEREMY S · 2018 to 2023
$6.4MIlluminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center (IDG KMC)U54CA189205 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI OPREA, TUDOR I · 2014 to 2017
$5.7MResource Dissemination and Outreach Center for Illuminating the Druggable GenomeU24TR002278 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI SCHURER, STEPHAN C, SKLAR, LARRY A. · 2018 to 2023
$3.7MSingle-Cell Measurement of Lipid Signaling in Colorectal CancerR01CA177993 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ALLBRITTON, NANCY L. · 2014 to 2018
$3.0MUser Interface PortalU54CA189201 · NCI · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI DUDLEY, JOEL THOMAS, MA'AYAN, AVI · 2014 to 2017
$1.9MNCATS NIH HHS U24 TR002278NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCI NIH HHS P30 CA118100NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058223NCI NIH HHS R01 CA177993NCI NIH HHS U24 CA224260NCI NIH HHS U24 CA224370NCI NIH HHS U54 CA189201NCI NIH HHS U54 CA189205NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG006370NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK116195NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK116204NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK116214NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH104974NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH104984NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH104999NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH105026NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH105028Wellcome Trust
Abstract
A large proportion of biomedical research and the development of therapeutics is focused on a small fraction of the human genome. In a strategic effort to map the knowledge gaps around proteins encoded by the human genome and to promote the exploration of currently understudied, but potentially druggable, proteins, the US National Institutes of Health launched the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) initiative in 2014. In this article, we discuss how the systematic collection and processing of a wide array of genomic, proteomic, chemical and disease-related resource data by the IDG Knowledge Management Center have enabled the development of evidence-based criteria for tracking the target development level (TDL) of human proteins, which indicates a substantial knowledge deficit for approximately one out of three proteins in the human proteome. We then present spotlights on the TDL categories as well as key drug target classes, including G protein-coupled receptors, protein kinases and ion channels, which illustrate the nature of the unexplored opportunities for biomedical research and therapeutic development.
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