ArticlePediatrics2018
Disparities in Outcomes and Resource Use After Hospitalization for Cardiac Surgery by Neighborhood Income.
Article in Pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood and Built Environment on Pediatric Perioperative Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of pediatric surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Disparities in Mortality Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Methylprednisolone for Heart Surgery in Infants - A Randomized, Controlled Trial.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Congenital heart diseases involving congenitally diseased pulmonary valve phenotypes: Novel insights into the health care burden across the life course.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Online Information About Cardiac Neurodevelopment: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Child Opportunity Index Influences Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Outcomes: Analyses From the Pediatric Health Information System.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Unplanned Readmissions in Pediatric Cardiac Disease: Impacts of Social Determinants of Health.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- An Examination of Social Determinants of Health and their Association with Preventable and Urgent Readmissions in Pediatric Acute Care Cardiology.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Tube Feeding Duration Associated with Socioeconomic Factors in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: Single Center Study.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Racial and Educational Isolation are Associated with Worse Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- [Formula: see text] Unraveling the impact of child opportunity and medical factors on neuropsychological outcomes in school-age patients with critical congenital heart disease.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2026Observational
- Association of Child Opportunity Index with Outcomes in Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Maternal Socioeconomic Opportunity and Race-Ethnicity Intersect to Influence Fetal Brain Volumes in Congenital Heart Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Racial Disparities in Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Wait-List Times Are Not Explained by Socioeconomic Measures.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Income Disparities in Unplanned Hospital Admission and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Children with Congenital Heart Disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Economic Barriers to Interventional Cardiology Care for Adults and Children With Congenital Heart Disease and Potential Policy Solutions: A SCAI Policy Statement.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2025Article
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Health Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Critically Ill Children and Neonates: A Scoping Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Article
- Associations between hospital-level socioeconomic patient mix and rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections in short bowel syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSignificant disparities exist between patients of different races and with different family incomes; less is understood regarding community-level factors on outcomes.
methodsIn this study, we used linked data from the Pediatric Health Information System database and the US Census Bureau to examine associations between median annual household income by zip code and mortality, length of stay, inpatient standardized costs, and costs per day, over and above the effects of race and payer, first for children undergoing cardiac surgery (2005-2015) and then for all pediatric discharges (2012-2015). Median community-level income was examined as continuous and categorical (by quartile) predictors. Hierarchical logistic and censored linear regression models were constructed. To these models, patient and surgical characteristics, year, race, payer, state, urban or rural designation, and center fixed effects were added.
resultsWe identified 101 013 cardiac surgical (and 857 833 total) hospitalizations from 46 institutions. Children from the lowest-income neighborhoods who were undergoing cardiac surgery had 1.18 times the odds of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 1.35), 7% longer lengths of stay (CI: 1% to 14%), and 7% higher standardized costs (CI: 1% to 14%) than children from the highest-income neighborhoods. Results for all children were similar, both with and without any major chronic conditions. The effects of neighborhood were only partially explained by differences in race, payer, or the centers at which patients received care. There were no differences in costs per day.
conclusionsChildren from lower-income neighborhoods are at increased risk of mortality and use more resource intensive care than children from higher-income communities, even after accounting for disparities between races, payers, and centers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.