ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2018
Mechanisms Underpinning the Polypharmacy Effects of Medications in Psychiatry.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mood stabilizers and systemic inflammatory burden in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a comparative study of lithium and valproate.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Advancing Brain and Body Vascular Imaging in Bipolar Disorder: A Report From the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Vascular Task Force.Bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- A network analysis of gene co-expression in post-mortem brain tissues identifying novel genes and biological pathways underlying major depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Integrative Analyses of Transcriptomes to Explore Common Molecular Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Ribosomal Genes and Protein Synthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Polypharmacotherapy in Psychiatry: Global Insights from a Rapid Online Survey of Psychiatrists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of Lamotrigine and Topiramate on Glial Properties in an Astrocyte-Microglia Co-Culture Model of Inflammation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Co-Expression Networks Unveiled Long Non-Coding RNAs as Molecular Targets of Drugs Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Targeting neurotransmitter-mediated inflammatory mechanisms of psychiatric drugs to mitigate the double burden of multimorbidity and polypharmacy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Lithium increases mitochondrial respiration in iPSC-derived neural precursor cells from lithium responders.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Transcriptional Modulation of the Hippo Signaling Pathway by Drugs Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Transcriptional Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Genes Involved in Neurogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The protective effect of the TSPO ligands 2,4-Di-Cl-MGV-1, CB86, and CB204 against LPS-induced M1 pro-inflammatory activation of microglia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Beyond evidence-based treatment of bipolar disorder: Rational pragmatic approaches to management.Bipolar disorders · 2019Review
- The Relationship Between Neuroimmunity and Bipolar Disorder: Mechanism and Translational Application.Neuroscience bulletin · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition with progressive social and cognitive function disturbances. Most patients' treatments are based on polypharmacy, but with no biological basis and little is known of the drugs' interactions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lithium, valproate, quetiapine, and lamotrigine, and the interactions between them, on markers of inflammation, bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in neuron-like cells and microglial cells. Methods: Neuron-like cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C8-B4 cells were treated with lithium (2.5 mM), valproate (0.5 mM), quetiapine (0.05 mM), and lamotrigine (0.05 mM) individually and in all possible combinations for 24 h. Twenty cytokines were measured in the media from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C8-B4 cells. Metabolic flux analysis was used to measure bioenergetics, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of mitochondrial function genes in neuron-like cells. The production of superoxide in treated cells was also assessed. Results: The results suggest major inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine release as a therapeutic mechanism of these medications when used in combination. The various combinations of medications also caused overexpression of PGC1α and ATP5A1 in neuron-like cells. Quetiapine appears to have a proinflammatory effect in microglial cells, but this was reversed by the addition of lamotrigine independent of the drug combination. Conclusion: Polypharmacy in bipolar disorder may have antiinflammatory effects on microglial cells as well as effects on mitochondrial biogenesis in neuronal cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.