ArticleThe Journal of clinical psychiatry
Antipsychotic Prescriptions Among Adults With Major Depressive Disorder in Office-Based Outpatient Settings: National Trends From 2006 to 2015.
Article in The Journal of clinical psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Centrally-acting opioid receptor antagonists as a treatment for antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trial data.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Trends in Antipsychotic Drug Use in the United States, 2000-2016.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aripiprazole or Bupropion Augmentation Versus Switching to Bupropion in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Risk-Benefit Analysis.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prediction of antipsychotic medication inception in antipsychotic-naive youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2025Observational
- Antipsychotic prescribing: national findings of children and adolescents attending mental health services in Ireland.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining racial disparity in psychotic disorders related ambulatory care visits: an observational study using national ambulatory medical care survey 2010-2015.BMC psychiatry · 2023Observational
- Article
- The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD): Changes in Preferred Treatment Strategies and Medications over 20 Years and Five Editions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Psychotropic and Opioid-Based Medication Use among Economically Disadvantaged African-American Older Adults.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Coprescribing of Benzodiazepines and Opioids in Older Adults: Rates, Correlates, and National Trends.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Article
- Buprenorphine prescribing for opioid use disorder in medical practices: can office-based out-patient care address the opiate crisis in the United States?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Small Molecule Antipsychotic Aripiprazole Potentiates Ozone-Induced Inflammation in Airway Epithelium.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Psychotropic polypharmacy reconsidered: Between-class polypharmacy in the context of multimorbidity in the treatment of depressive disorders.Journal of affective disorders · 2019Article
- Initiation of new psychotropic prescriptions without a psychiatric diagnosis among US adults: Rates, correlates, and national trends from 2006 to 2015.Health services research · 2019Article
- Effects of the 2009 USPSTF Depression Screening Recommendation on Diagnosing and Treating Mental Health Conditions in Older Adults: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2018Article
- Long-Term Treatment for Unspecified Anxiety Disorders with Cannabidiol: A Retrospective Case Series from Real-World Evidence in Colombia.Medical cannabis and cannabinoidsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA recent moderately long-term study found an antipsychotic to be more effective than an antidepressant as the next-step treatment of unresponsive major depressive disorder (MDD). It is thus timely to examine recent trends in the pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotic treatment of MDD.
methodsData from the 2006-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, nationally representative samples of office-based outpatient visits in adults with MDD (ICD-9-CM codes 296.20-296.26 and 296.30-296.36) (n = 4,044 unweighted), were used to estimate rates of antipsychotic prescribing over these 10 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified demographic and clinical factors independently associated with antipsychotic use in MDD.
resultsAntipsychotic prescribing for MDD increased from 18.5% in 2006-2007 to 24.9% in 2008-2009 and then declined to 18.9% in 2014-2015. Visits with adults 75 years or older showed the greatest decline from 27.0% in 2006-2007 to 10.7% in 2014-2015 (OR for overall trend = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95). The most commonly prescribed antipsychotic agents were aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Antipsychotic prescription was associated with being black or Hispanic, having Medicare among adults under 65 years or Medicaid as a primary source of payment, and receiving mental health counseling, 3 or more concomitant medications, and diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (P < .01).
conclusionsAntipsychotics, prescribed for about one-fifth of adults with MDD, increased and then declined from 2006 to 2015, reflecting, first, FDA approval and then concern about adverse effects in the elderly. Future research should track evolving trends following the publication of evidence of greater long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic than antidepressant next-step therapy in adults with MDD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.