ArticleOncotarget2018
Temozolomide, sirolimus and chloroquine is a new therapeutic combination that synergizes to disrupt lysosomal function and cholesterol homeostasis in GBM cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Simultaneous activation and late-stage inhibition of autophagy induces autophagy-dependent cell death in leukemia.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Preclinical Models and Technologies in Glioblastoma Research: Evolution, Current State, and Future Avenues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Real-Time Monitoring of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Using Acridine Orange.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Review
- Combining an Autophagy Inhibitor, MPT0L145, with Abemaciclib Is a New Therapeutic Strategy in GBM Treatment.Cancers · 2021Article
- Multispecific targeting of glioblastoma with tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional engineered NK cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Z-scan method to measure the nonlinear optical behavior of cells for evaluating the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatments.Lasers in medical science · 2021Article
- Review
- An Alternative Pipeline for Glioblastoma Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Drug Repurposing in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- Beyond glucose: alternative sources of energy in glioblastoma.Theranostics · 2021Review
- Rapamycin and hydroxychloroquine combination alters macrophage polarization and sensitizes glioblastoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy in Glioblastoma Treatment With Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- GNS561, a new lysosomotropic small molecule, for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Investigational new drugs · 2019Article
- Current promising treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiform: A review.Oncology reviews · 2019Article
- The combined efficacy of OTS964 and temozolomide for reducing the size of power-law coded heterogeneous glioma stem cell populations.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Theranostic Nanomedicine for Malignant Gliomas.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Toward fully exploiting the therapeutic potential of marketed pharmaceuticals: the use of octreotide and chloroquine in oncology.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are characterized by high phagocytosis, lipogenesis, exocytosis activities, low autophagy capacity and high lysosomal demand are necessary for survival and invasion. The lysosome stands at the cross roads of lipid biosynthesis, transporting, sorting between exogenous and endogenous cholesterol. We hypothesized that three already approved drugs, the autophagy inducer, sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapa), the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), and DNA alkylating chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ) could synergize against GBM. This repurposed triple therapy combination induced GBM apoptosis
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.