Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29464290›Full record

SynthesisJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2018

Does orthodontic treatment have a permanent effect on tooth color? : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rita Kamber, Spyridon N Papageorgiou, Theodore Eliades

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Clinical outcomes of interproximal enamel reduction in orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Color changes of maxillary and mandibular incisors following surgical orthodontic treatment : A prospective controlled clinical pilot study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2022
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rita KamberClinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
Spyridon N PapageorgiouClinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland. snpapage@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-3326
Theodore EliadesClinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-4979

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesAim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the tooth color of patients.

methodsNine databases were searched up to May 2017 for clinical cohort studies on the effect of fixed appliance treatment on tooth color. After elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) or means and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessment of the quality of evidence.

resultsThree nonrandomized and one randomized study with a total of 138 patients (46% male, 54% female) with average age of 15.7 years were included. Tooth color of treated patients was significantly altered during or after orthodontic treatment (4 studies; average of 3.2 ∆E units; 95% CI = 2.0-4.4 ∆E units), which was more than the variation among controls (1 study; MD = 1.9 ∆E units; 95% CI = 1.7-2.2 ∆E units). However, the quality of evidence was very low, due to the inclusion of nonrandomized studies, bias, and imprecision. Re-analysis of raw study data indicated that significant differences in clinically discernable treatment-induced color changes were seen between chemically and light-cured adhesives and among the various tooth categories.

conclusionExisting evidence of very low quality indicates that orthodontic treatment might be associated with alterations of tooth color, which are however not consistently clinically discernible. Treatment-induced color alterations might be dependent on bonding material and tooth type, but evidence supporting this is weak.

Indexed as

AdolescentDental BondingFemaleHumansMaleOrthodontic Appliances, FixedOrthodontics, CorrectiveRisk FactorsTooth DiscolorationAdverse effectsMeta-analysisOrthodontic appliancesSystematic reviewTooth color

Identifiers

PMID29464290

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.