ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Theory of signs and statistical approach to big data in assessing the relevance of clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring promising biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Noninvasive Risk Prediction Models for Heart Failure Using Proportional Jaccard Indices and Comorbidity Patterns.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- A better index for analysis of co-occurrence and similarity.Science advances · 2022Article
- Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond.Redox biology · 2021Review
- Linking biomarkers of oxidative stress and disease with flavonoid consumption: From experimental models to humans.Redox biology · 2021Review
- Demystifying Oxidative Stress.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
- Environmental risk factors and their footprints in vivo - A proposal for the classification of oxidative stress biomarkers.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers for chronic kidney disease: a position paper from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biomarkers are widely used not only as prognostic or diagnostic indicators, or as surrogate markers of disease in clinical trials, but also to formulate theories of pathogenesis. We identify two problems in the use of biomarkers in mechanistic studies. The first problem arises in the case of multifactorial diseases, where different combinations of multiple causes result in patient heterogeneity. The second problem arises when a pathogenic mediator is difficult to measure. This is the case of the oxidative stress (OS) theory of disease, where the causal components are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have very short half-lives. In this case, it is usual to measure the traces left by the reaction of ROS with biological molecules, rather than the ROS themselves. Borrowing from the philosophical theories of signs, we look at the different facets of biomarkers and discuss their different value and meaning in multifactorial diseases and system medicine to inform their use in patient stratification in personalized medicine.
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