ArticleAnnals of botany2018
Scots pine aminopropyltransferases shed new light on evolution of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in seed plants.
Article in Annals of botany, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordinated roles of melatonin and putrescine in modulating oxidative balance and gene expression during postharvest life of Alstroemeria hybrida.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Decoding polyamine-ethylene dynamics: synergies at synthesis and signalling levels during osmotic stress and ripening.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Integrative effects of melatonin and putrescine on vase life and physiological traits in cut alstroemeria 'Amatista'.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Impact of putrescine on essential oil composition, free polyamines content and expression of related genes (DXR and TPS2) in Thymus daenensis under drought stress.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
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- Overexpression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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- Putrescine: A Key Metabolite Involved in Plant Development, Tolerance and Resistance Responses to Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2022Article
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- Polyamine: A Potent Ameliorator for Plant Growth Response and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses Particularly the Ammonium Stress Antagonized by Urea.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Salinity tolerance mechanisms and their breeding implications.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2021Review
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- Synergistic Effect ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Conservation of Thermospermine Synthase Activity in Vascular and Non-vascular Plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Thermospermine Synthase (Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Polyamine Function in Plants: Metabolism, Regulation on Development, and Roles in Abiotic Stress Responses.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Polyamines are small metabolites present in all living cells and play fundamental roles in numerous physiological events in plants. The aminopropyltransferases (APTs), spermidine synthase (SPDS), spermine synthase (SPMS) and thermospermine synthase (ACL5), are essential enzymes in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. In angiosperms, SPMS has evolved from SPDS via gene duplication, whereas in gymnosperms APTs are mostly unexplored and no SPMS gene has been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the functional properties of the SPDS and ACL5 proteins of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in order to elucidate the role and evolution of APTs in higher plants. Methods: Germinating Scots pine seeds and seedlings were analysed for polyamines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the expression of PsSPDS and PsACL5 genes by in situ hybridization. Recombinant proteins of PsSPDS and PsACL5 were produced and investigated for functional properties. Also gene structures, promoter regions and phylogenetic relationships of PsSPDS and PsACL5 genes were analysed. Key Results: Scots pine tissues were found to contain spermidine, spermine and thermospermine. PsSPDS enzyme catalysed synthesis of both spermidine and spermine. PsACL5 was found to produce thermospermine, and PsACL5 gene expression was localized in the developing procambium in embryos and tracheary elements in seedlings. Conclusions: Contrary to previous views, our results demonstrate that SPMS activity is not a novel feature developed solely in the angiosperm lineage of seed plants but also exists as a secondary property in the Scots pine SPDS enzyme. The discovery of bifunctional SPDS from an evolutionarily old conifer reveals the missing link in the evolution of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. The finding emphasizes the importance of pre-existing secondary functions in the evolution of new enzyme activities via gene duplication. Our results also associate PsACL5 with the development of vascular structures in Scots pine.
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