ArticlePloS one2018
Perceptions on evaluative and formative functions of external supervision of Rwandan primary healthcare facilities: A qualitative study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rwandan primary healthcare providers' perception of their capability in the diagnostic practice.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020Article
- The Importance of Leadership and Organizational Capacity in Shaping Health Workers' Motivational Reactions to Performance-Based Financing: A Multiple Case Study in Burkina Faso.International journal of health policy and management · 2019Article
- Supportive supervision to improve service delivery in low-income countries: is there a conceptual problem or a strategy problem?BMJ global health · 2019Review
- Development and validation of the ExPRESS instrument for primary health care providers' evaluation of external supervision.Global health action · 2018Article
- The relationship between primary healthcare providers and their external supervisors in Rwanda.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExternal supervision of primary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries often has a managerial main purpose in which the role of support for professional development is unclear.
aimTo explore how Rwandan primary healthcare supervisors and providers (supervisees) perceive evaluative and formative functions of external supervision.
designQualitative, exploratory study. DATA: Focus group discussions: three with supervisors, three with providers, and one mixed (n = 31). Findings were discussed with individual and groups of supervisors and providers.
resultsEvaluative activities occupied providers' understanding of supervision, including checking, correcting, marking and performance-based financing. These were presented as sources of motivation, that in self-determination theory indicate introjected regulation. Supervisors preferred to highlight their role in formative supervision, which may mask their own and providers' uncontested accounts that systematic performance evaluations predominated supervisors' work. Providers strongly requested larger focus on formative and supportive functions, voiced as well by most supervisors. Impact of performance evaluation on motivation and professional development is discussed.
conclusionWhile external supervisors intended to support providers' professional development, our findings indicate serious problems with this in a context of frequent evaluations and performance marking. Separating the role of supporter and evaluator does not appear as the simple solution. If external supervision is to improve health care services, it is essential that supervisors and health centre managers are competent to support providers in a way that transparently accounts for various performance pressures. This includes delivery of proper formative supervision with useful feedback, maintaining an effective supervisory relationship, as well as ensuring providers are aware of the purpose and content of evaluative and formative supervision functions.
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