ArticleThe journal of trauma and acute care surgery2018
Prognosis of diffuse axonal injury with traumatic brain injury.
Article in The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of propranolol and clonidine after severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- IL-3 Modulates Microglia Polarization and Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Recovery from Post-Traumatic Amnesia During Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Patterns in withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in trauma patients with and without moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: an ACS-TQIP retrospective cohort study.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Article
- Impaired Glymphatic Function in Diffuse Axonal Injury: Evaluation Using the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) Method.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2025Article
- ALKBH5 demethylates the mProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evaluation of CT and MRI Radiomics for an Early Assessment of Diffuse Axonal Injury in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Compared to Conventional Radiological Diagnosis.Clinical neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Timing of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Moderate and Severe TBI: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Single-nucleus and spatial signatures of the brainstem in normal brain and mild traumatic brain injury in male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sleep spindles as a predictor of cognitive motor dissociation and recovery of consciousness after acute brain injury.Nature medicine · 2025Observational
- Incidence and mortality related risk factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A meta‑analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic changes in neuron-specific enolase level to glasgow coma scale score ratio predict long-term neurological function of diffuse axonal injury patients.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Blood Pressure Variability and Outcome Predictors for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF FUNCTIONING AND LIFE SATISFACTION AFTER MODERATE TO SEVERE TBI - AN EXPLORATORY COHORT STUDY.Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications · 2025Article
- Role of damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of traumatic brain injury.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- An analysis of disparities in imaging for suspected traumatic brain injury among patient visits to emergency departments (2010-2021).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF MODERATE TO SEVERE DIFFUSE AXONAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications · 2025Article
- Survivorship After Neurocritical Care: A Scoping Review of Outcomes Beyond Physical Status.Neurocritical care · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Ginkgolide A attenuated apoptosis via inhibition of oxidative stress in mice with traumatic brain injury.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDetermine the prognostic impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined diffuse axonal injury (DAI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) on functional outcomes, quality of life, and 3-year mortality.
methodsThis retrospective single center cohort included adult trauma patients (age > 17 years) admitted from 2006 to 2012 with TBI. Inclusion criteria were positive head computed tomography with brain MRI within 2 weeks of admission. Exclusion criteria included penetrating TBI or prior neurologic condition. Separate ordinal logistic models assessed DAI's prognostic value for the following scores: (1) hospital-discharge Functional Independence Measure, (2) long-term Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, and (3) long-term Quality of Life after Brain Injury-Overall Scale. Cox proportional hazards modeling assessed DAI's prognostic value for 3-year survival. Covariates included age, sex, race, insurance status, Injury Severity Score, admission Glasgow Coma Scale Score, Marshall Head computed tomography Class, clinical DAI on MRI (Y/N), research-level anatomic DAI Grades I-III (I, cortical; II, corpus callosum; III, brainstem), ventilator days, time to follow commands, and time to long-term follow-up (for logistic models).
resultsEligibility criteria was met by 311 patients, who had a median age of 40 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23-57 years), Injury Severity Score of 29 (IQR, 22-38), intensive care unit stay of 6 days (IQR, 2-11 days), and follow-up of 5 years (IQR, 3-6 years). Clinical DAI was present on 47% of MRIs. Among 300 readable MRIs, 56% of MRIs had anatomic DAI (25% Grade I, 18% Grade II, 13% Grade III). On regression, only clinical (not anatomic) DAI was predictive of a lower Functional Independence Measure score (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.76], p = 0.007). Neither clinical nor anatomic DAI were related to survival, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, or Quality of Life after Brain Injury-Overall Scale scores.
conclusionIn this longitudinal cohort, clinical evidence of DAI on MRI may only be useful for predicting short-term in-hospital functional outcome. Given no association of DAI and long-term TBI outcomes, providers should be cautious in attributing DAI to future neurologic function, quality of life, and/or survival. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiological, level III; Therapeutic, level IV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.