ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2018
Epidemiology of Recurrent Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2008-2015.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- [Effects of L-carnitine on serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Cardiac injury in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease: risk factors and clinical outcomes.Infection · 2026Article
- Physicochemical fingerprinting reveals convergent evolutionary determinants of enterovirus A71 neurovirulence through integrative machine learning and structural analysis.Virus research · 2026Article
- A clinical SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor blocks replication of multiple enteroviruses and confers oral in vivo protection in animal models.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic crossing three periods in Jiangxi Province, China: a long-term epidemiology retrospective study from 2009 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection cases in a large district of southern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease reinfection in Southwest China, 2009-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bayesian joint spatiotemporal modelling of primary infection and reinfection of HFMD at county level in Jiangsu, China, 2009-2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Opportunities and Challenges of Multiomics for Discovery and Monitoring of Human Pathogens.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Risk Factors for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Reinfection in Qingdao, China, from 2014 to 2022.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of Coxsackievirus A2 isolated from hand, foot and mouth disease in eastern China.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under age 10, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, China (2009-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of pathogen immune-escape: deriving a population-level phylodynamic curve.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Joint estimation of hand-foot-mouth disease model and prediction in korea using the ensemble kalman filter.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of 5838 cases of enterovirus infection in children in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- EV-A71 invades the central nervous system and affects the blood-brain barrier in a tree shrew model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection cases in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China, 2009-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Isothermal nucleic acid amplification for monitoring hand-foot-and-mouth disease: current status and future implications.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Review
- Correlation analysis of serum inflammatory cytokine levels and immune markers in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using China's national surveillance data on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) for 2008-2015, we described the epidemiologic and virologic features of recurrent HFMD. A total of 398,010 patients had HFMD recurrence; 1,767 patients had 1,814 cases of recurrent laboratory-confirmed HFMD: 99 reinfections of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) with EV-A71, 45 of coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) with CV-A16, 364 of other enteroviruses with other enteroviruses, 383 of EV-A71 with CV-A16 and CV-A16 with EV-A71, and 923 of EV-A71 or CV-A16 with other enteroviruses and other enteroviruses with EV-A71 or CV-A16. The probability of HFMD recurrence was 1.9% at 12 months, 3.3% at 24 months, 3.9% at 36 months, and 4.0% at 38.8 months after the primary episode. HFMD severity was not associated with recurrent episodes or time interval between episodes. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying HFMD recurrence with the same enterovirus serotype and confirmation that HFMD recurrence is not associated with disease severity is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.