ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2018
In vitro and in vivo effects of MK2206 and chloroquine combination therapy on endometriosis: autophagy may be required for regrowth of endometriosis.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmaceuticals targeting signaling pathways of endometriosis as potential new medical treatment: A review.Medicinal research reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- The role of the SIRT1/FOXO1 axis in regulating autophagy and inflammation in endometriosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Regulated cell death in endometrial diseases: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Apoptotic extracellular vesicles from peripancreatic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate severe acute pancreatitis through the transcription factor EB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal pathway: an experimental study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Dysregulated autophagy in endometriosis: molecular mechanisms, controversies, and clinical implications.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- The Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: A Narrative Review Integrating Hormonal, Immune, and Microbiome Aspects.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Evidence for KISS-1 nuclear translocation and PI3K/AKT signaling in the ultrastructurally and morphometrically analyzed human endometriosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Linc-ROR Promotes EMT by Targeting miR-204-5p/SMAD4 in Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Identification of a Novel Cuproptosis-Related Gene Signature in Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Autophagy in Endometrium Homeostasis and Disease.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Ribosome Biogenesis Serves as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Endometriosis and the Associated Complications.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
- Deficiency ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Nanoplatforms as a Vector for Targeted Delivery of Autophagy-Related Gene to the Endometriotic Lesions in Mice.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target of Natural Products Enhancing Embryo Implantation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Role of Endometrial Autophagy in Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes.Journal of Cancer · 2019Review
- Reply to the letter from Barra et al.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeA high recurrence rate after medical treatment is a major clinical problem for patients with endometriosis. Here, we have evaluated the in vitro effects of combined treatment with MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor) + chloroquine on cell growth and regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells and the in vivo effects on endometriotic implants in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We evaluated the effects of autophagy inhibition by knockdown of the ATG13, Beclin-1 and ATG12 genes and pharmacological agents (chloroquine, bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyalanine) individually and in combination with MK2206 on cell growth and/or cell regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated treatment with MK2206 + chloroquine on endometriotic implants in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis. KEY
resultsCombined treatment with MK2206 and chloroquine markedly reduced cell growth and regrowth after discontinuation of treatment in endometriotic stromal cells compared with cells treated with either drug alone. Autophagy inhibition by ATG13, Beclin-1 or ATG12 gene knockdown only affected regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells, but not endometrial stromal cells from the same patients, after a 72 h discontinuation of the combined treatment. Furthermore, combined treatment reduced the size of endometriotic implants, whereas no effects on endometriotic implants treated with either drug alone were observed in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The present findings suggest that a novel strategy for treatment of endometriosis may involve decreasing the number of endometriotic cells that can survive treatment and then preventing regrowth by autophagy inhibition.
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