ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
Pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with gastrointestinal intolerance.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04089280 (The Effect of Multi-strain Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Intolerance. A 32-week Prospective, Single Center, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-over Clinical Trial.), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Multi-strain Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Intolerance. A 32-week Prospective, Single Center, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-over Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: An open-label, single-arm, exploratory research trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Metformin Pharmacogenetics in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Impact on Metformin and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Plasma Levels.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Prediction model for metformin intolerance in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: derivation and external validation in a cross‑sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to alleviate metformin-associated gastrointestinal adverse events and optimize glycaemic control: a randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial protocol.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Metformin and Myo-Inositol: A Comparative Analysis.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota in the Regulation of Intestinal Drug Transporters: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacokinetic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Similarities and differences in the intestinal actions of metformin and imeglimin.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Anti-TB Drugs for Drug-Sensitive and Drug-ResistantCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-2 pharmacotherapy activates hepatic Farnesoid X receptor-signaling to attenuate resection-associated bile acid loss in mice.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Senotherapeutic repurposing of metformin for age-related diseases and their signaling pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Overview of Metformin and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Related Antihyperglycemic Effect of Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metformin-Associated Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Are Reduced by Probiotics: A Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nanozyme as a rising star for metabolic disease management.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Assessment of Metformin Intolerance: A Retrospective Chart Review.Innovations in pharmacy · 2024Article
- MiR-601-induced BMSCs senescence accelerates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head progression by targeting SIRT1.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight.Cell metabolism · 2023Article
- Research Progress of Population Pharmacokinetic of Metformin.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- The Hormetic Effect of Metformin: "Less Is More"?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo assess potential causes of metformin intolerance, including altered metformin uptake from the intestine, increased anaerobic glucose utilization and subsequent lactate production, altered serotonin uptake, and altered bile acid pool.
methodsFor this pharmacokinetic study, we recruited 10 severely intolerant and 10 tolerant individuals, matched for age, sex and body mass index. A single 500-mg dose of metformin was administered, with blood sampling at 12 time points over 24 hours. Blood samples were analysed for metformin, lactate, serotonin and bile acid concentrations, and compared across the phenotypes.
resultsThe intolerant individuals were severely intolerant to 500 mg metformin. No significant difference was identified between tolerant and intolerant cohorts in metformin pharmacokinetics: median (interquartile range [IQR]) peak concentration 2.1 (1.7-2.3) mg/L and 2.0 (1.8-2.2) mg/L, respectively (P = .76); time to peak concentration 2.5 hours; median (IQR) area under the curve (AUC)
conclusionsDespite evidence of severe intolerance in our cohort, there was no significant difference in metformin pharmacokinetics or systemic measures of lactate, serotonin or bile acids. This suggests that metformin intolerance may be attributable to local factors within the lumen or enterocyte.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.