ArticleUltrasound (Leeds, England)2018
The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in comparison to birth weight: A systematic review.
Article in Ultrasound (Leeds, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic evidence map on the association between exposure to personal care products and fetal growth.Environment international · 2026Pooled it
- Characteristics associated with antenatally unidentified small-for-gestational-age fetuses: prospective cohort study nested within DESiGN randomized controlled trial.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2023Trial
- Factors Predicting Successful Vaginal Delivery Following Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancy.International journal of women's health · 2022Trial
- Do nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics improve the prediction of pregnancy-related disorders? Findings from a UK birth cohort with independent validation.BMC medicine · 2020Trial
- Objectively Measured Maternal Supine Sleep and Fetal Growth: A Prospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Differences in fetal soft tissue thickness between GDM and non-GDM pregnancies and an exploratory nomogram for LGA prediction.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Selection of standards for estimated fetal weight percentiles.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of large-for-gestational-age neonates in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- The role of sonographic estimated fetal weight compared to clinical assessment: superior accuracy only in extreme fetal weight cases.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Differences in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in term pregnancies by choice of fetal growth reference: A validation study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress and fetal weight: observational findings from a pregnancy cohort in New York City.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Observational
- Impact of a new image enhancement technology on the biometric measurements in pregnancy.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Scanner-based real-time automated volumetry reporting of the fetus, amniotic fluid, placenta, and umbilical cord for fetal MRI at 0.55T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal and fetal health status assessment by using machine learning on optical 3D body scans.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Mid-pregnancy psychosocial distress and the risk of third-trimester small-for-gestational-age fetuses: a prospective cohort study in coastal Indonesia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Weight (EFW) at Term: Insights From a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital for Primary Care Implementation.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2026Article
- Risk of bias in machine learning and statistical models to predict height or weight: a systematic review in fetal and paediatric medicine.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2025Review
- Maternal Plasma Proteins Associated with Birth Weight: A Longitudinal, Large Scale Proteomic Study.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Investigating the Accuracy of Ultrasound Imaging in Measuring Fetal Weight in Comparison with the Actual Postpartum Weight.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- The Fetal Region-specific Optimized Growth Standard (FROGS)-A fetal and birthweight centile calculator validated in a national population.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ultrasound estimation of fetal weight is a highly influential factor in antenatal management, guiding both the timing and mode of delivery of a pregnancy. Although substantial research has investigated the most accurate ultrasound formula for calculating estimated fetal weight, current evidence indicates significant error levels. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the most accurate method, whilst identifying sources of inaccuracy in order to facilitate recommendations for future practice. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and 11 different formulae were assessed; ultrasound calculation of fetal weight was most commonly overestimated. The Hadlock A formula produced the most accurate results, with the lowest levels of random error. Methods incorporating just two measurement parameters were inconsistent, producing large random errors across multiple studies. Key sources of inaccuracy included difficulties obtaining accurate fetal measurements in late gestation; the remainder were operator dependent, including lack of experience and insufficient training and audit. The accuracy of ultrasound estimated fetal weight has improved in the last decade, though a lack of consistency remains evident. National implementation of a rigorous audit programme would likely improve accuracy further, and increase the confidence and clinical value of the method.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.