ArticlePharmaceutical medicine2018
International Comparison of Five Herbal Medicine Registration Systems to Inform Regulation Development: United Kingdom, Germany, United States of America, United Arab Emirates and Kingdom of Bahrain.
Article in Pharmaceutical medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing iIndications for herbal medicinal products: a comparative analysis of EMA monographs and database records.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Pooled it
- Consumer Views on the Role of the Natural Health Products (NHPs) Industry in Pharmacovigilance for NHPs: A Qualitative Study in New Zealand.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Article
- The interplay of Ashwagandha with hormonal dynamics and gut microbiota in women with breast cancer: a tri-axial perspective.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Review
- Integrated risk characterization of estragole, aristolochic acids, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids in natural products using margin of exposure and RISK21.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective mechanisms of nutraceutical berberine: Preclinical evidence and future perspectives.Advances in neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- The role of physicians in herbal medicine; knowledge, attitudes, and practices: A cross-sectional.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of Published Literature on the Contributions of the Natural Health Products (NHPs) Industry to Pharmacovigilance for NHPs.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Drug counseling for herbal medicines: patients' perspectives on the professional performance of pharmacists in urban pharmacies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- 1H NMR spectra as a characteristic of herbal preparations.Journal of food science and technology · 2025Article
- Mini review of plant products as food supplement against MSG-induced liver injury: antioxidant, oxidative stress and histological prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Comparative study of the registration procedure of locally manufactured herbal products in selected African countries.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Traditional herbal medicine legislative and regulatory framework: a cross-sectional quantitative study and archival review perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Toxic Elemental Impurities in Herbal Weight Loss Supplements; A Study Using ICP-OES Microwave-Assisted Digestion.Toxics · 2023Article
- The Application of Ethnomedicine in Modulating Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Counts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Exploration of facilitators and barriers to the regulatory frameworks of dietary and herbal supplements: a scoping review.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Complementary and alternative medicines use in COVID-19: A global perspective on practice, policy and research.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Article
- Assessment of the Availability and Accuracy of Dosing Devices Packaged with Oral Liquid Medications in the Ho Municipality of Ghana.Scientifica · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Policy Governing Herbal Medicines Regulation and Its Implementation in Ethiopia.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHerbal medicine (HM) regulation is less developed than that of allopathic medicines, with some countries lacking specific regulations.
objectiveFor the purpose of informing a registration system for HMs in Kuwait, which does not manufacture but imports all HMs, this study compared the similarities and differences between the current HM registration systems of five countries.
methodsThe five countries were selected as major source countries of HM in Kuwait (United Kingdom (UK), Germany and United States of America (USA)) or because of geographical proximity or size and approach (United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kingdom of Bahrain). Documentary analysis of HM classification systems was performed by reviewing the regulatory and law documentation of these countries' drug regulatory authority websites. Data on HM definition, classification and the main requirements for registration were extracted and analysed for similarities and differences.
resultsThere was diversity in the classification of HMs across all five countries including terms used, definitions, type of law, requirements, restrictions and preparation type. The regulatory authorities of the UK, Germany, UAE and Kingdom of Bahrain offer simplified registration for HMs, where plausible efficacy as a result of established traditional use is sufficient. In USA, the concept of traditional use does not exist, instead, the product can be categorised as a dietary supplement where no assessment or evaluation is required prior to marketing.
conclusionsOwing to the inconsistencies in how drug regulatory authorities define HMs, it will be important to design a clear definition of what constitutes a HM in Kuwait, which is a country that does not produce and register its own products but assesses products registered elsewhere.
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Registered trials
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