ArticleJournal of neurosciences in rural practice
Role of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Conferring Protection in Children At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from a Sibling Case-control Study.
Article in Journal of neurosciences in rural practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies.Development and psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Breastfeeding Practices on Autistic Traits in Chinese Children Aged from 3 to 4 Years: Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Prenatal, perinatal and parental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in China: a case- control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association of feeding patterns in infancy with later autism symptoms and neurodevelopment: a national multicentre survey.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Food Difficulties in Infancy and ASD: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Association of Breastfeeding for the First Six Months of Life and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A National Multi-Center Study in China.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Early Social Experience and Digital-Media Exposure in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Associations between Prenatal Education, Breastfeeding and Autistic-Like Behaviors in Pre-Schoolers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Eating and Mealtime Behaviors in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Perspectives.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Review
- Pre-emptive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Theoretical Foundations and Clinical Translation.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGut microflora influences neural development through complex mechanisms. Feeding practices, especially breastfeeding influence gut microbiome and thereby play a pivotal role in immune and neural development. Current understandings of the role of healthy distal gut microflora in the development of immune and neural systems provide insights into immunological mechanisms as one of the possible etiologies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies have shown that optimal breastfeeding is associated with lower odds of being at-risk for ASD and children with ASD are suboptimally breastfed.
methodsThe feeding practices of children with ASD (
resultsAbout 43.3% of children with ASD received exclusive breastfeeding, whereas 76.7% of their typically developing siblings were exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds for ASD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.166; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.025-0.65), while early introduction of top feeds was associated with higher odds (OR = 6; 95% CI = 1.33-55.19). Difficulties in breastfeeding were attributed to child-related factors in 13.2% of the children.
conclusionChildren with ASD are suboptimally breastfed compared to their typically developing siblings. Exclusive breastfeeding may confer protection in vulnerable children. Further studies on larger prospective sample are required to establish the association.
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