ReviewImmunology2018
Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 541 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
541 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 966 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis: Emerging Roles of Glycometabolic Reprogramming in Immune and Vascular Cells.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- PRSS1 isoforms promote type 2 immune responses in IgG4-related disease.Genes and immunity · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Beyond the Heart-Lung Axis: A Review of the Crosstalk Between the Hemodynamic, Neurohormonal, and Immune Systems in Pulmonary Hypertension.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mechanism-Oriented Biomaterial Strategies for Bone Regeneration in BRONJ: From Pathological Barriers to Evidence-Matched Repair.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Noninvasive biophysical modulations of Piezo ion channels.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Macrophage-induced immunomodulation in oral tissue repair and regeneration: Recent advances and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles in Vascular Dementia: Advantages and Challenges.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- The anti‑inflammatory activity of 2‑iminothiazolidines: the role of PPARγ and M2 macrophage subpopulations.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Algal Diterpenoid Ruguloptone A by Modulation of M2 Response in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Targeting CCR1-mediated macrophage phenotypic switching to alleviate bladder pain and urinary dysfunction in interstitial cystitis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Comparative pathophysiological modeling: the advantage of "two-hit" over "one-hit" in acute liver failure studies.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Nanomaterials: Design Strategies, Mechanisms, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- POSTNOncology reports · 2026Article
- Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Effects by Dang Gui (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Guominkang formula alleviates airway inflammation in HDM-induced asthma mice by regulating Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Characterization of immune features and discovery of potential biomarkers for ankylosing spondylitis using deep plasma proteomics.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
481 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are extremely heterogeneous and plastic cells with an important role not only in physiological conditions, but also during inflammation (both for initiation and resolution). In the early 1990s, two different phenotypes of macrophages were described: one of them called classically activated (or inflammatory) macrophages (M1) and the other alternatively activated (or wound-healing) macrophages (M2). Currently, it is known that functional polarization of macrophages into only two groups is an over-simplified description of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity; indeed, it is necessary to consider a continuum of functional states. Overall, the current available data indicate that macrophage polarization is a multifactorial process in which a huge number of factors can be involved producing different activation scenarios. Once a macrophage adopts a phenotype, it still retains the ability to continue changing in response to new environmental influences. The reversibility of polarization has a critical therapeutic value, especially in diseases in which an M1/M2 imbalance plays a pathogenic role. In this review, we assess the high plasticity of macrophages and their potential to be exploited to reduce chronic/detrimental inflammation. On the whole, the evidence detailed in this review underscores macrophage polarization as a target of interest for immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.