ArticlePlanta2018
Phytoglobins regulate nitric oxide-dependent abscisic acid synthesis and ethylene-induced program cell death in developing maize somatic embryos.
Article in Planta, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death During Somatic Embryo Detachment from Callus in Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Integrated transcriptome and proteome indicate molecular mechanisms of endogenous hormonal imbalance regulating variation in jujube (Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Physiological Mechanisms and Hurdles of Efficient Water-Nitrogen Utilization in Maize Production: A Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Characterization of ZmPMP3g function in drought tolerance of maize.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Initiation and Execution of Programmed Cell Death and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of the aspartic protease gene family during rapid growth of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Suppression of the maize phytoglobin ZmPgb1.1 promotes plant tolerance against Clavibacter nebraskensis.Planta · 2019Article
- The ethylene receptor regulates Typha angustifolia leaf aerenchyma morphogenesis and cell fate.Planta · 2019Article
- Redirecting Cell Fate DuringFrontiers in plant science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MAIN
conclusionDuring maize somatic embryogenesis, suppression of phytoglobins (Pgbs) reduced ABA levels leading to ethylene-induced programmed cell death in the developing embryos. These effects modulate embryonic yield depending on the cellular localization of specific phytoglobin gene expression. Suppression of Zea mays phytoglobins (ZmPgb1.1 or ZmPgb1.2) during somatic embryogenesis induces programmed cell death (PCD) by elevating nitric oxide (NO). While ZmPgb1.1 is expressed in many embryonic domains and its suppression results in embryo abortion, ZmPgb1.2 is expressed in the basal cells anchoring the embryos to the embryogenic tissue. Down-regulation of ZmPgb1.2 is required to induce PCD in these anchor cells allowing the embryos to develop further. Exogenous applications of ABA could reverse the effects caused by the suppression of either of the two ZmPgbs. A depletion of ABA, ascribed to a down-regulation of biosynthetic genes, was observed in those embryonic domains where the respective ZmPgbs were repressed. These effects were mediated by NO. Depletion in ABA content increased the transcription of genes participating in the synthesis and response of ethylene, as well as the accumulation of ethylene, which influenced embryogenesis. Somatic embryo number was reduced by high ethylene levels and increased with pharmacological treatments suppressing ethylene synthesis. The ethylene inhibition of embryogenesis was linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the execution of PCD. Integration of ABA and ethylene in the ZmPgb regulation of embryogenesis is proposed in a model where NO accumulates in ZmPgb-suppressing cells, decreasing the level of ABA. Abscisic acid inhibits ethylene biosynthesis and the NO-mediated depletion of ABA relieves this inhibition causing ethylene to accumulate. Elevated ethylene levels trigger production of ROS and induce PCD. Ethylene-induced PCD in the ZmPgb1.1-suppressing line [ZmPgb1.1 (A)] leads to embryo abortion, while PCD in the ZmPgb1.2-suppressing line [ZmPgb1.2 (A)] results in the elimination of the anchor cells and the successful development of the embryos.
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Registered trials
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