ArticleEnvironment international2018
Evaluating effects of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures on birth weight: A comparison of three statistical approaches.
Article in Environment international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic evidence map on the association between exposure to personal care products and fetal growth.Environment international · 2026Pooled it
- Association of exposure to phthalates with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Chemical mixtures and birth weight: comparison of multipollutant models in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- An Exploration of Machine Learning Methods in Human Biomonitoring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Association of exposure to organophosphate pesticides with reproductive lifespan.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect Modification of Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Associations between Urinary Phthalate Biomarkers Mixture and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Seeking Fertility Care.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and asthma at age 8-9 years in a multi-site longitudinal study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols in relation to oxidative stress: single pollutant and mixtures analyses.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Decoding the exposome: data science methodologies and implications in exposome-wide association studies (ExWASs).Exposome · 2024Article
- Article
- Midpregnancy Phthalate and Phenol Biomarkers in Relation to Infant Body Composition: The Healthy Start Prospective Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Urinary phytoestrogens and the risk of uterine leiomyomata in US women.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Estimating perinatal critical windows of susceptibility to environmental mixtures via structured Bayesian regression tree pairs.Biometrics · 2023Article
- Association of preconception mixtures of phenol and phthalate metabolites with birthweight among subfertile couples.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prenatal metal mixture exposure and birth weight: A two-stage analysis in two prospective cohort studies.Eco-Environment & Health · 2022Article
- Correlates of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures among reproductive-aged Black women in Detroit, Michigan.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in early pregnancy and preterm birth: Findings from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2022Article
- Prenatal exposure to multiple organochlorine compounds and childhood body mass index.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe applied three statistical approaches for evaluating associations between prenatal urinary concentrations of a mixture of phthalate metabolites and birth weight.
methodsWe included 300 women who provided 732 urine samples during pregnancy and delivered a singleton infant. We measured urinary concentrations of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, di-isobutyl-, di-n-butyl-, butylbenzyl-, and diethyl phthalates. We applied 1) linear regressions; 2) classification methods [principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation models (SEM)]; and 3) Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to evaluate associations between phthalate metabolite mixtures and birth weight adjusting for potential confounders. Data were presented as mean differences (95% CI) in birth weight (grams) as each phthalate increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile.
resultsWhen analyzing individual phthalate metabolites using linear regressions, each metabolite demonstrated a modest inverse association with birth weight [from -93 (-206, 21) to -49 (-164, 65)]. When simultaneously including all metabolites in a multivariable model, inflation of the estimates and standard errors were noted. PCA identified two principal components, both inversely associated with birth weight [-23 (-68, 22), -27 (-71, 17), respectively]. These inverse associations were confirmed when applying SEM. BKMR further identified that monoethyl and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and phthalate concentrations were linearly related to lower birth weight [-51(-164, 63) and -122 (-311, 67), respectively], and suggested no evidence of interaction between metabolites.
conclusionsWhile none of the methods produced significant results, we demonstrated the potential issues arising using linear regression models in the context of correlated exposures. Among the other selected approaches, classification techniques identified common sources of exposures with implications for interventions, while BKMR further identified specific contributions of individual metabolites.
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