ArticleBMC psychiatry2018
Factors associated with persistent posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. military service members and veterans.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprogression in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapyPooled it
- Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Traumatic Brain Injury and High Combat Exposure Pose Additive Risk for Specific Chronic Health Conditions in Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program Enrollees.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Narrative exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and appetitive aggression among soldiers retiring from active service in Uganda.Research square · 2026Article
- Diagnoses of mental health disorders among U.S. active component service members, 2020-2024.MSMR · 2026Article
- Longitudinal association of quality of life and health behaviors with service member readiness.PloS one · 2026Article
- Within-person associations of daily activity to sleep actigraphy following trauma: Explicating a novel index of risk for major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Augmented Reality 3MDR Therapy for the Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Moral Injury: A Case Study.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Post-Traumatic Sequelae and Their Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Patterns of Multimorbidity in Gulf War Era Veterans With and Without Gulf War Illness.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Peruvian military: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Peer-based intervention for acute stress reaction: adaptations by five militaries.BMJ military health · 2024Review
- Post-traumatic stress disorder among military personnel admitted at the Northwest Command Level Three Military Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2022: an institution-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among inpatients at Eastern Command Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Depression Among U.S. Veterans: Longitudinal Associations With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Translating Discovery Science. Fostering relationships: Service provider perspectives on community building among veteran families.Family relations · 2023Article
- Mental health in Germany in the first weeks of the Russo-Ukrainian war.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- High executive functioning is associated with reduced posttraumatic stress after trauma exposure among male U.S. military personnel.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Navigating the pathway to ceasing driving-A voyage of discovery.International journal of older people nursing · 2022Article
- Families' experiences of supporting Australian veterans and emergency service first responders (ESFRs) to seek help for mental health problems.Health & social care in the community · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can have long-term and far-reaching impacts on health and social and occupational functioning. This study examined factors associated with persistent PTSD among U.S. service members and veterans.
methodsUsing baseline and follow-up (2001-2013) questionnaire data collected approximately every 3 years from the Millennium Cohort Study, multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine factors associated with persistent PTSD. Participants included those who screened positive for PTSD using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version at baseline (N = 2409). Participants were classified as having remitted or persistent PTSD based on screening negative or positive, respectively, at follow-up.
resultsAlmost half of participants (N = 1132; 47%) met criteria for persistent PTSD at the first follow-up; of those, 804 (71%) also screened positive for PTSD at the second follow-up. Multiple factors were independently associated with persistent PTSD in an adjusted model at the first follow-up, including older age, deployment with high combat exposure, enlisted rank, initial PTSD severity, depression, history of physical assault, disabling injury/illness, and somatic symptoms. Among those with persistent PTSD at the first follow-up, additional factors of less sleep, separation from the military, and lack of social support were associated with persistent PTSD at the second follow-up.
conclusionsCombat experiences and PTSD severity were the most salient risk factors for persistent PTSD. Comorbid conditions, including injury/illness, somatic symptoms, and sleep problems, also played a significant role and should be addressed during treatment. The high percentage of participants with persistent PTSD supports the need for more comprehensive and accessible treatment, especially after separation from the military.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.