ArticlePublic health reviews
Residential schools and the effects on Indigenous health and well-being in Canada-a scoping review.
Article in Public health reviews. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Parental Preconception Adversity and Offspring Health in African Americans: A Systematic Review of Intergenerational Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- Structural interventions that affect racial inequities and their impact on population health outcomes: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Cultural Safety as a Catalyst for Change: Advancing Health Equity for Indigenous Peoples in Canada.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2026Article
- Structural Racism and Inequality in Canadian Population Health and Wellbeing: a Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Sitting by the Fire: Dene Perspectives on Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledges, Land Stewardship, and Community Wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- DIFFICULTY ACCESSING SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN A CANADIAN INNER CITY SETTING.International indigenous policy journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pain-related disabilities, and experiences of limitations due to pain among First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada: A scoping review.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- The impact of political ideologies on cultural erosion: Indigenous education policy in Brazil (2009-2022).PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with pain-related disabilities among Inuit in Canada in 2017: a cross-sectional study.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Article
- Compositional analysis and characterization of black huckleberry and soapberry: Two culturally significant berries for Indigenous communities of the Pacific Northwest.Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Societal and biological approaches to diabetes prevention and care for Inuit populations: a narrative review.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Feeling the Structural: School-Based Educators' Perspectives on Indigenous Child Suicidality in Canada.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025Article
- "Never Give Up. The Creator Has Good Things in Store for You": Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Evidence of Resilience for Canadian Indigenous Women Abused by Intimate Partners.Violence against women · 2025Article
- Article
- Systematic review of health and social outcomes among Indigenous People exposed to the child welfare system: a protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of the Current Knowledge of the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Diseases (Specifically COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and H1N1 Influenza) in Canadian Arctic Indigenous Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- "They talk about it like it's an overdose crisis when in fact it's basically genocide": The experiences of Indigenous peoples who use illicit drugs in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside neighbourhood.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Hepatitis C Diagnosis and Treatment Among Indigenous People in a Canadian Context: Challenges and Community-Led Solutions.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Land-Based Retreats as a Method for Building Enabling Environments for HIV Prevention with Northern and Indigenous Adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada: Mixed-Methods Findings.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Indigenous Autism in Canada: A Scoping Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe history of residential schools has been identified as having long lasting and intergenerational effects on the physical and mental well-being of Indigenous populations in Canada. Our objective was to identify the extent and range of research on residential school attendance on specific health outcomes and the populations affected.
methodsA scoping review of the empirical peer-reviewed literature was conducted, following the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). For this review, nine databases were used: Bibliography of Native North Americans, Canadian Health Research Collection, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Indigenous Studies Portal, PubMed, Scopus, Statistics Canada, and Web of Science. Citations that did not focus on health and residential school among a Canadian Indigenous population were excluded. Papers were coded using the following categories: Indigenous identity group, geography, age-sex, residential school attendance, and health status.
resultsSixty-one articles were selected for inclusion in the review. Most focused on the impacts of residential schooling among First Nations, but some included Métis and Inuit. Physical health outcomes linked to residential schooling included poorer general and self-rated health, increased rates of chronic and infectious diseases. Effects on mental and emotional well-being included mental distress, depression, addictive behaviours and substance mis-use, stress, and suicidal behaviours.
conclusionThe empirical literature can be seen as further documenting the negative health effects of residential schooling, both among former residential school attendees and subsequent generations. Future empirical research should focus on developing a clearer understanding of the aetiology of these effects, and particularly on identifying the characteristics that lead people and communities to be resilient to them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.