ArticleScientific reports2018
Botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids can be conjugatively transferred to diverse clostridial strains.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Foodborne Botulism Caused byMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Opportunistic Features of Non-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Extensive genome analysis identifies novel plasmid families inMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Review
- Toxin-linked mobile genetic elements in major enteric bacterial pathogens.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2023Review
- Potential Risk of Botulinum Neurotoxin -producing Clostridia Occurrence in Canned Fish.Journal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Novel Putative Transposable Element Associated with the Subtype E5 Botulinum Toxin Gene Cluster of NeurotoxigenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Endogenous CRISPR-Cas Systems in Group IFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Synthetic DNA and biosecurity: Nuances of predicting pathogenicity and the impetus for novel computational approaches for screening oligonucleotides.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Alternative Methods for Testing Botulinum Toxin: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2020Review
- The population structure of Clostridium tetani deduced from its pan-genome.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Genomics of the Pathogenic Clostridia.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Why Are Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Bacteria So Diverse and Botulinum Neurotoxins So Toxic?Toxins · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most Group I Clostridium botulinum strains harbor botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes on their chromosome, while some carry these genes (including bont/a, bont/b, and bont/f) on large plasmids. Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated that Group I BoNT plasmids were mobilized to C. botulinum recipient strains containing the Tn916 transposon. Here, we show that Tn916 is nonessential for plasmid transfer. Relying on an auxotrophic donor phenotype and a plasmid-borne selectable marker, we observed the transfer of pCLJ, a 270 kb plasmid harboring two bont genes, from its host strain to various clostridia. Transfer frequency was greatest to other Group I C. botulinum strains, but the plasmid was also transferred into traditionally nontoxigenic species, namely C. sporogenes and C. butyricum. Expression and toxicity of BoNT/A4 was confirmed in transconjugants by immunoblot and mouse bioassay. These data indicate that conjugation within the genus Clostridium can occur across physiological Groups of C. botulinum, supporting horizontal gene transfer via bont-bearing plasmids. The transfer of plasmids possessing bont genes to resistant Clostridium spp. such as C. sporogenes could impact biological safety for animals and humans. These plasmids may play an environmental role in initiating death in vertebrates, leading to decomposition and nutrient recycling of animal biomass.
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