ArticleJournal of human evolution2018
Maturation is prolonged and variable in female chimpanzees.
Article in Journal of human evolution, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Female Affiliation and Status in Semi-Free-Ranging Chimpanzees.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Chimpanzees are not more aggressive than bonobos but target sexes differently.Science advances · 2026Article
- Evidence of organized but not disorganized attachment in wild Western chimpanzee offspring (Pan troglodytes verus).Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Article
- Developmental and Sex-Based Variation in Nest Building Among Wild Immature Chimpanzees.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Lagging Brain Gene Expression Patterns of Drosophila melanogaster Young Adult Males Confound Comparisons Between Sexes.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The trait-specific timing of accelerated genomic change in the human lineage.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Tau and tauopathies across primate species: implications for modeling neurodegenerative disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Removing snares is an effective conservation intervention: a case study involving chimpanzees.Primates; journal of primatology · 2024Article
- Bonobos and chimpanzees remember familiar conspecifics for decades.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in wild female baboons.American journal of biological anthropology · 2023Article
- Demographic and hormonal evidence for menopause in wild chimpanzees.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Puberty initiates a unique stage of social learning and development prior to adulthood: Insights from studies of adolescence in wild chimpanzees.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- The origins of cognitive flexibility in chimpanzees.Developmental science · 2022Article
- A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Female reproductive aging in seven primate species: Patterns and consequences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Do immigrant female bonobos prefer older resident females as important partners when integrating into a new group?Primates; journal of primatology · 2022Article
- A chimpanzee enamel-diet δJournal of human evolution · 2021Article
- Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees.iScience · 2021Article
- Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Chimpanzees are important referential models for the study of life history in hominin evolution. Age at sexual maturity and first reproduction are key life history milestones that mark the diversion of energy from growth to reproduction and are essential in comparing life history trajectories between chimpanzees and humans. Yet, accurate information on ages at these milestones in wild chimpanzees is difficult to obtain because most females transfer before breeding. Precise age at first birth is only known from a relatively small number of non-dispersing individuals. Moreover, due to small sample sizes, the degree to which age at maturation milestones varies is unknown. Here we report maturation milestones and explore sources of variance for 36 wild female chimpanzees of known age, including eight dispersing females born in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, including censored intervals, we find an average age of 11.5 years (range 8.5-13.9) at sexual maturity and 14.9 years (range 11.1-22.1) at first birth. These values exceed previously published averages for wild chimpanzees by one or more years. Even in this larger sample, age at first birth is likely underestimated due to the disproportionate number of non-dispersing females, which, on average, give birth two years earlier than dispersing females. Model selection using Cox Proportional Hazards models shows that age at sexual maturity is delayed in females orphaned before age eight years and those born to low-ranking mothers. Age at first birth is most delayed in dispersing females and those orphaned before age eight years. These data provide improved estimates of maturation milestones in a population of wild female chimpanzees and indicate the importance of maternal factors in development.
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