Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
Impact of cigarette smoking on the relationship between body mass index and insulin: Longitudinal observation from the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005129 (The Bogalusa Heart Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Bogalusa Heart Study
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of serum uric acid to lymphocyte ratio, a novel inflammatory biomarker, with risk of stroke: A prospective cohort study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- An Analysis of the Links between Smoking and BMI in Adolescents: A Moving Average Approach to Establishing the Statistical Relationship between Quantitative and Dichotomous Variables.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Serial Mediation Roles of Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms in the Association Between Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged American Adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Metabolic Factors Mediate the Association Between Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Mediation analysis methods used in observational research: a scoping review and recommendations.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Article
- Effects of smoking on bariatric surgery postoperative weight loss and patient satisfaction.Surgical endoscopy · 2021Article
- Bidirectional temporal relationship between obesity and hyperinsulinemia: longitudinal observation from a Chinese cohort.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Not Associated With Lung Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Mediation of the effect of serum uric acid on the risk of developing hypertension: a population-based cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDespite the inverse association between cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI), it is unknown whether the effect of smoking on insulin is mediated through decreased BMI. This study aims to examine the temporal relationship between BMI and insulin, the impact of smoking on this relationship and the mediation effect of BMI on the association between smoking and insulin levels.
methodsThe longitudinal cohort consisted of 1121 adults (807 white and 314 black participants, mean age, 42.0 years at follow-up) for whom BMI and fasting insulin were measured twice, with an average follow-up period of 17.1 years. Cross-lagged panel and mediation analysis models were used to examine the temporal relationship between BMI and insulin, and the mediation effect of BMI on the smoking-insulin association.
resultsSmoking was inversely associated with insulin (regression coefficient, -0.073; P = .015 at baseline and -0.121; P < .001 at follow-up), adjusting for age, race and gender. After additional adjustment for follow-up periods, the cross-lagged path coefficient from BMI to insulin (β, 0.226; P < .001) was significantly greater than that from insulin to BMI (β, -0.029; P = .208), with P < .001 for the difference. The path coefficient from BMI to insulin was significantly greater in non-smokers (β, 0.273; P < .001) than in smokers (β, 0.122; P = .046), with P = .013 for the difference. The mediation effect of BMI on the smoking-insulin association was estimated at 53.4% (P = .030) at baseline and 58.7% (P < .001) at follow-up.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that cigarette smoking has a significant impact on the one-directional relationship from BMI to insulin. The insulin-lowering effect of smoking is predominantly mediated through decreased BMI as the result of smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.