SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2018
Bone graft materials for posterolateral fusion made simple: a systematic review.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioactive glass for periodontal regeneration: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of fusion rate enhancements and bone graft options for spine surgery.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- rhBMP in lumber fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2019Pooled it
- Do Cellular Allografts Improve Spinal Fusion Enough to Justify Their Cost and Potential Risk? A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Cost.Neurosurgery practice · 2026Review
- Practical Strategies for Bone Graft Selection in Spinal Fusion: A Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives.Spine surgery and related research · 2026Review
- A pre-market, open-label, single-arm study to evaluate b.Bone for posterolateral fusion treatment of degenerative thoracolumbar, lumbar or lumbosacral spinal disease (b.Spine clinical trial).Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Sodium Bicarbonate/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites: Surface Characterization and Early Biological Response.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transforming spinal surgery with innovations in biologics and additive manufacturing.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- What Is the Evidence Surrounding the Cost-Effectiveness of Osteobiologic Use in ACDF Surgery? A Systematic Review of the Literature.Global spine journal · 2024Review
- Use of biphasic calcium phosphate versus demineralized bone matrix: retrospective clinical and CT analysis of posterolateral fusion results.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- Allograft-Reconstructed Iliac Bone Graft Donor Site Remodels to Viable Bone and Its Feasibility for Revision Fusion.International journal of spine surgery · 2023Article
- Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Seeded on Equine-Derived Xenograft in Osteogenic Growth Media.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Fusion Revision Surgery With Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator to Harvest Autograft After Spinal Pseudarthrosis.Cureus · 2022Article
- History of Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery.Cureus · 2022Review
- Better Functional Recovery After Single-Level Compared With Two-Level Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion.Cureus · 2022Article
- Comparison between modified facet joint fusion and posterolateral fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: a retrospective study.BMC surgery · 2022Article
- Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- ADSC-Based Cell Therapies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Clinical and radiographic outcomes of hybrid graft in patients with Modic changes undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Article
- Allografts and Spinal Fusion.International journal of spine surgery · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIliac crest has long been the gold standard for lumbar fusion, but concerns over donor site morbidity have led to a wide variety of bone graft substitutes. Despite prolific research, a general consensus is yet to be reached on bone graft materials that lead to optimal fusion. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature for bone graft material options that maximize fusion rate in posterolateral lumbar fusion surgery.
designSystematic Review.
methodsA PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science was conducted. Included studies were published from January 2000 to July 2015, were clinical human research studies involving available autograft, allograft, or synthetic bone graft options in posterolateral lumbar spine fusion, and reported radiographic fusion rate as a primary end outcome. This research had no funding source and the authors have no conflicts to declare.
results81 articles underwent full-text review, and 48 were included in this study. 18 studies assessed fusion rate by plain radiographs alone (37.5%), while 6 used CT scan (12.5%), and 24 used both (50.0%). 45 studies looked at ICBG in conjunction with LAG (29), BCP(1), APC (2), BMPs (6), or DBM (1). Aggregate mean fusion rates among these ranged from 68.0 to 91.5%. 22 studies evaluated fusion rates of LAG, either isolated (3) or combined with ceramic extenders (8), DBM (4), BMP (1), BMA (4), APC (1), or ICBG(1). Aggregate mean fusion rate ranged from 75 to 95.5%. With the exception of studies involving allograft (mean fusion rate 40.0%), the mean fusion rate for all other graft combinations exceeded 70.0%.
conclusionsWhile our results find that LAG+BMA provided highest fusion rate, most material options analyzed in this study provide comparable fusion outcomes. The ideal graft option must incorporate a combination of materials with osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties. Our results represent the robust and dynamic nature of the current state of lumbar graft technology. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.