ReviewIranian journal of public health2018
Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Iran: A Review Article.
Review in Iranian journal of public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- When injury costs too much: the catastrophic costs for spinal cord injury in Iran.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Machine learning based classification of catastrophic health expenditures: a cross-sectional study of Korean low-income households.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Economic burden and quality of life caused by non-hodgkin lymphoma cancer in Iran.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring dental and medicine health expenditures in Iran: financial protection and inequality analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Developing a comprehensive model of home-based long-term care for older people in Iran: a multi-method study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 Pandemic Economic Implications in Iran: A National Survey Assessing Catastrophic Health Expenditures.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the driving forces and scenario analysis for catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures in Iran.BMC health services research · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Determinants of Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures in Iran From 2013 to 2019.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2024Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Iranian Households: Evidence from the COVID-19 Era.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Evaluating the affordability of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis medicines in a middle-income country.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Main drivers of diabetes pharmaceuticals expenditures: evidence from OECD countries and Iran.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Has Iran achieved the goal of reducing the prevalence of households faced with catastrophic health expenditure to 1%?: A national survey.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Financial challenges in the family physician programme in Iran: A systematic review of qualitative research.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2023Review
- The Variations in Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditures, and Its Determinants in Iran: A Scoping Review.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2023Article
- Rate and causes of inappropriate stays and the resulting financial burden in a single specialty burns hospital.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic and health factors associated with the risk of financial catastrophe when informal care for patients with haematological neoplasms is replaced by formal care.Health economics review · 2022Article
- The Impact of Cancer Incidence on Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Iran with a Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2022Article
- Designing A National Model of Medical Facilities Fair Distribution for Iranian Social Security Organization: Design National Model of Medical Facilities Fair Distribution in the ISSO.Galen medical journal · 2022Article
- Forecasting Iran national health expenditures: General model and conceptual framework.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne of the main challenges of healthcare systems is to protect people from consequences of health expenditures. Such expenditures may lead to catastrophic financial loss in families so that many people deny demanding necessary healthcare services, which results in harms to their health status. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the catastrophic health expenditures trend and its related factors in Iran.
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on studies conducted between 1984 and 2014. Data were collected through searching electronic databases and searching engines of PubMed, Scopus, EconLit, Google Scholar, Science Direct, MagIran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The random effects were used with 95% confidence interval for the meta-analysis.
resultsOut of 561 initially retrieved articles, finally 42 were included in the final analysis. The studies were conducted between 1984 and 2014. The overall proportion of exposure to catastrophic health expenditure in Iran was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.2 - 9.1). In the urban and rural areas, the proportion was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.8 - 2.9) and 3.4% (95% CI, 2.8 - 4.1) respectively. The overall proportion of exposure to the catastrophic health expenditure in hospitals was 35.9% (95% CI, 23.5 - 54.3).
conclusionThe catastrophic expenditures proportion of healthcare is relatively high in Iran and the government is expected to adopt effective measures in this regard, especially for the inpatient care. There are needs for special supporting policies for the financial protection of specific patients, the poor and villagers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29445626PMC5810379What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.