ArticleScientific reports2018
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlations in the development of ginger extract as an anticancer agent.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- 6-Gingerol alleviates hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting glycolytic reprogramming by targeting IGF2BP2.Chinese herbal medicines · 2026Article
- Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Ginger (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Study of Protosappanoside D, a Component Derived fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The "root" causes behind the anti-inflammatory actions of ginger compounds in immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Formulation of Phytosomes with Extracts of Ginger Rhizomes and Rosehips with Improved Bioavailability, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Gingerols, Shogaols, and Their Metabolites in Asthma Patients.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Article
- Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration in the Form of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy: Possible Therapeutic Role of Curcumin.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Potential Role of Ginger (Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Phytomolecules Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aqueous Extracts ofMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Cytotoxic effect of 6-Shogaol in Imatinib sensitive and resistant K562 cells.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Curcumin induces multiple signaling pathways leading to vascular smooth muscle cell senescence.Biogerontology · 2019Article
- Gingers and Their Purified Components as Cancer Chemopreventative Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome.Nutrients · 2019Review
- The Role of Curcumin in the Modulation of Ageing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Interstitial Fluid in Gynecologic Tumors and Its Possible Application in the Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- How Safe Is Ginger Rhizome for Decreasing Nausea and Vomiting in Women during Early Pregnancy?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anticancer efficacy of ginger phenolics (GPs) has been demonstrated in various in vitro assays and xenograft mouse models. However, only sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations of GPs were detected in human and mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Intriguingly, a significant portion of GPs occurred as phase II metabolites (mainly glucuronide conjugates) in plasma. To evaluate the disposition of GPs and understand the real players responsible for efficacy, we performed a PK and tissue distribution study in mice. Plasma exposure of GPs was similar on day 1 and 7, suggesting no induction or inhibition of clearance pathways. Both free and conjugated GPs accumulated in all tissues including tumors. While non-cytotoxicity of 6-ginerol glucuronide precluded the role of conjugated GPs in cell death, the free forms were cytotoxic against prostate cancer cells. The efficacy of ginger was best explained by the reconversion of conjugated GPs to free forms by β-glucuronidase, which is over-expressed in the tumor tissue. This previously unrecognized two-step process suggests an instantaneous conversion of ingested free GPs into conjugated forms, followed by their subsequent absorption into systemic circulation and reconversion into free forms. This proposed model uncovers the mechanistic underpinnings of ginger's anticancer activity despite sub-therapeutic levels of free GPs in the plasma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.