ArticleExperimental animals2018
The validity of anesthetic protocols for the surgical procedure of castration in rats.
Article in Experimental animals, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Intralesional baicalein attenuates fibrosis in a rat model of peyronie's disease by inhibiting TGF-β1/smad signaling.International journal of impotence research · 2026Article
- Alfaxalone-Based Anesthetic Combinations to Minimize Anesthesia-Induced Transient Lens Opacity in Rats (Rattus norvegicus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Correspondence: CALR promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration through Wnt7a.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Anesthetic effects of a mixture of xylazine, ketamine, and buprenorphine in laboratory rats subjected to short surgical procedures.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Dexmedetomidine on the interplay of IL-6 and STAT3 pathways in adrenal gland damage-induced scalding burns in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Could Fibrin Sealants (TISSEELMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of fenugreek oil on healing of experimentally induced buccal mucosal ulcer by immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 expression.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
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- Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) in Formation of Phosphorylated Tau and Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells of Rats Caused by Optic Nerve Crush.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
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- Antidiabetic effects of Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract via suppression of Pdx1 and Ins1 expression in pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Intravenous propofol, ketamine (ketofol) and rocuronium after sevoflurane induction provides long lasting anesthesia in ventilated rats.Experimental animals · 2022Article
- Antinociceptive Effects of Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonists.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
- The role of nitric oxide on the antiarrhythmic effects of ketamine/xylazine in a rat model of acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion.Current research in physiology · 2022Article
- Non-invasive visual evoked potentials under sevofluraneHeliyon · 2021Article
- Comparison of Two Hair Removal Methods in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2021Article
- A new anesthetic protocol to medullary nerve roots access in rats.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2021Article
- Effect of Intramuscular Medetomidine Administration on Tear Flow in Rats.Veterinary sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To achieve surgical anesthesia in animal experimentation, it is necessary to select the appropriate anesthetic protocol by considering its pharmacological properties and the surgical procedure to be performed. However, few studies have investigated the validity of anesthetic protocols under surgical conditions in small rodents. The present study aimed to clarify the pharmacological properties of 4 anesthetic protocols during the surgical procedure of castration in rats. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were anesthetized with anesthetics, including the combination of ketamine and xylazine (K/X), the combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (M/M/B), isoflurane, and sevoflurane. Castration was performed under each anesthesia, and anesthetic depth and times were assessed, as were vital signs. The injectable anesthetics were investigated at standard and high doses. The concentration of inhalant anesthetics was adjusted to 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). K/X at both doses demonstrated sufficient anesthetic depth with rapid induction and recovery. However, bradycardia and hypothermia were prominent in high-dose K/X, indicating that the standard-dose is more appropriate for surgical anesthesia in castration procedures. M/M/B demonstrated high anesthetic sensitivity variation in individual animals. In contrast to injectable anesthetics, inhalant anesthetics provided stable anesthetic depth with less cardiorespiratory influence. Sevoflurane did not lead to a significant decrease in rectal temperature during the anesthetic period. Results of the present study revealed the optimal dose and pharmacological features of several anesthetic protocols for castration, and may contribute to the standardization of surgical anesthesia in rats.
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