ArticleBiology letters2018
Working dogs transfer different tasks in reciprocal cooperation.
Article in Biology letters, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reward expectation drives dogs' choices in a prosocial test.Animal cognition · 2026Article
- Do pet dogs reciprocate the receipt of food from familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics?Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie · 2024Article
- Article
- Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules.PloS one · 2023Article
- Reaching Out for Inaccessible Food Is a Potential Begging Signal in Cooperating Wild-Type Norway Rats,Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Article
- The smell of cooperation: rats increase helpful behaviour when receiving odour cues of a conspecific performing a cooperative task.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- A Shared Food Source Is Not Necessary to Elicit Inequity Aversion in Dogs.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Inequity aversion in dogs: a review.Learning & behavior · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Direct reciprocity can establish stable cooperation among unrelated individuals. It is a common assumption of direct reciprocity models that agents exchange like with like, but this is not necessarily true for natural interactions. It is yet unclear whether animals apply direct reciprocity rules when successive altruistic help involves different tasks. Here, we tested whether working dogs transfer help from one to another cooperative task in an iterated prisoner's dilemma paradigm. In our experiment, individual dogs received help to obtain food from a conspecific, which involved a specific task. Subsequently, the focal subject could return received favour by using a different task. Working dogs transferred the cooperative experience received through one task by applying an alternative task when they helped a previously cooperative partner. By contrast, they refrained from helping previously defecting partners. This suggests that dogs realize the cooperative act of a conspecific, which changes their propensity to provide help to that partner by different means. The ability of animals to transfer different tasks when helping a social partner by satisfying the criteria of direct reciprocity might explain the frequent occurrence of reciprocal cooperation in nature.
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