Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29444607›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral addictions2018

Psychometric evaluation of Persian Nomophobia Questionnaire: Differential item functioning and measurement invariance across gender.

Chung-Ying Lin, Mark D Griffiths, Amir H Pakpour

Abstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral addictions, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Nomophobia: An Individual's Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone-A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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  6. Nomophobia and Its Predictors: The Role of Psychological, Sociodemographic, and Internet Use Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  19. Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia) and Psychological Health Issues among Young Adult Students.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chung-Ying Lin1 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
Mark D Griffiths2 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK.
Amir H Pakpour3 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences , Qazvin, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aims Research examining problematic mobile phone use has increased markedly over the past 5 years and has been related to "no mobile phone phobia" (so-called nomophobia). The 20-item Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) is the only instrument that assesses nomophobia with an underlying theoretical structure and robust psychometric testing. This study aimed to confirm the construct validity of the Persian NMP-Q using Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models. Methods After ensuring the linguistic validity, Rasch models were used to examine the unidimensionality of each Persian NMP-Q factor among 3,216 Iranian adolescents and CFAs were used to confirm its four-factor structure. Differential item functioning (DIF) and multigroup CFA were used to examine whether males and females interpreted the NMP-Q similarly, including item content and NMP-Q structure. Results Each factor was unidimensional according to the Rach findings, and the four-factor structure was supported by CFA. Two items did not quite fit the Rasch models (Item 14: "I would be nervous because I could not know if someone had tried to get a hold of me;" Item 9: "If I could not check my smartphone for a while, I would feel a desire to check it"). No DIF items were found across gender and measurement invariance was supported in multigroup CFA across gender. Conclusions Due to the satisfactory psychometric properties, it is concluded that the Persian NMP-Q can be used to assess nomophobia among adolescents. Moreover, NMP-Q users may compare its scores between genders in the knowledge that there are no score differences contributed by different understandings of NMP-Q items.

Indexed as

SmartphoneSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescentBehavior, AddictiveFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePhobic DisordersPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPsychometricsSex FactorsYoung Adultmobile phone addictionmobile phone dependencenomophobiaRaschsmartphone addictionsmartphone dependence

Identifiers

PMID29444607
PMCPMC6035024

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.