ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2019
Hepatitis C Virus E2 Envelope Glycoprotein Induces an Immunoregulatory Phenotype in Macrophages.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage Immune Responses in Viral Infections: Functional Plasticity and Therapeutic Targeting.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Hepatitis C virus modifiedJournal of virology · 2025Article
- The role of liver macrophages in viral liver pathogenesis.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Unraveling Macrophage Polarization: Functions, Mechanisms, and "Double-Edged Sword" Roles in Host Antiviral Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Hepatitis C virus modified sE2Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Review
- M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- Macrophage subsets and their role: co-relation with colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor and clinical relevance.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Hepatitis C virus E1 and modified E2 delivered from an mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Modified E2 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus Enhances Proinflammatory Cytokines and Protective Immune Response.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Viruses: Turning Off/On Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 promotes glioma progression via the NF-κB signaling pathway and tumor microenvironment reprogramming.Theranostics · 2022Article
- Significance of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Macrophage-derived cytokines in pneumonia: Linking cellular immunology and genetics.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2021Review
- Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and its involvement in inflammatory diseases.EXCLI journal · 2021Review
- EB virus-induced ATR activation accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth via M2-type macrophages polarization.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Cure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Dampens Inflammation and Improves Cognition Through Multiple Mechanisms.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy to control hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection needs a vaccine. Our phase I study with recombinant HCV E1/E2 envelope glycoprotein (EnvGPs) as a candidate vaccine did not induce a strong immune response in volunteers. We analyzed the interactions of HCV EnvGPs with human monocyte-derived macrophages as antigen-presenting cells. HCV E2 induced immune regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and soluble CD163 (sCD163) protein expression in macrophages from 7 of 9 blood donors tested. Furthermore, HCV E2 enhanced Stat3 and suppressed Stat1 activation, reflecting macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype. E2-associated macrophage polarization appeared to be dependent of its interaction with CD81 leading endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. Additionally, E2 suppressed the expression of C3 complement, similar to HCV-exposed dendritic cells (DCs), implying potential impairment of immune cell priming. Conclusion: Our results suggest that E2 EnvGP may not be an ideal candidate for HCV vaccine development, and discrete domains within E2 may prove to be more capable of elliciting a protective immune response. (Hepatology 2018).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.