ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2018
Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metagenomic surveillance of tick-borne pathogens and microbiomes in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from Swiss residents.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Evaluating the detection capabilities of nanopore sequencing for Borrelia burgdorferi detection in blacklegged ticks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Advanced Molecular and Microscopic Diagnostics Suggest CongenitalMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and epidemiological analysis of 23 cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Cattle Zoonotic and Non-Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Europe-A Retrospective Analysis of the Past 15 Years.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Article
- Lemongrass essential oil and DEET inhibit attractant detection in infected and non-infectedCurrent research in insect science · 2024Article
- Analysis of macerated ticks using Boolean logic gating colorimetric isothermal nucleic acid assays for Lyme Borrelia and Ixodes scapularis ticks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Postindustrial Landscapes Are Neglected Localities That May Play an Important Role in the Urban Ecology of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases-A Pilot Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Direct Capture and Early Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochete in Skin with a Microneedle Patch.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Article
- Monitoring Risk: Tick andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Presence of Human Pathogens of theMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Dermatological and Genital Manifestations of Lyme Disease Including Morgellons Disease.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lyme disease is a serious vector-borne infection that is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato family of spirochetes, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Ixodes ticks. The primary etiological agent in North America is Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. As geographic risk regions expand, it is prudent to support robust surveillance programs that can measure tick infection rates, and communicate findings to clinicians, veterinarians, and the general public. The molecular technique of nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) has long been used for this purpose, and it remains a central, inexpensive, and robust approach in the detection of Borrelia in both ticks and wildlife. This article demonstrates the application of nPCR to tick DNA extracts to identify infected specimens. Two independent B. burgdorferi targets, genes encoding Flagellin B (FlaB) and Outer surface protein A (OspA), have been used extensively with this technique. The protocol involves tick collection, DNA extraction, and then an initial round of PCR to detect each of the two Borrelia-specific loci. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses the product of the first reaction as a new template to generate smaller, internal amplification fragments. The nested approach improves upon both the specificity and sensitivity of conventional PCR. A tick is considered positive for the pathogen when inner amplicons from both Borrelia genes can be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.
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