ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2018
Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The waterpipe smoking and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 191 observational studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Waterpipe on Oral Health Status: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Tobacco and Periodontal Disease in Latin America from 2000 to 2024: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Oral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Impact of waterpipe smoking on the salivary microbiome.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Article
- Effect of electronic cigarette and tobacco smoking on the human saliva microbial community.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Article
- Compositional profile of mucosal bacteriome of smokers and smokeless tobacco users.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- The prevalence of denture stomatitis in cigarette and hookah smokers and opium addicts: findings from Rafsanjan Cohort Study.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Review
- Looking beyond the smokescreen: can the oral microbiome be a tool or target in the management of tobacco-associated oral cancer?Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Review
- Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWaterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking.
methodsOne hundred adult healthy subjects (59 waterpipe smokers and 41 non-smokers) were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity and subgingival regions. Standard culturing techniques were used to identify types, frequency, and mean number of microorganisms in cultures obtained from the subjects.
resultsIt was notable that waterpipe smokers were significantly associated with a history of oral infections. In subgingiva,
conclusionThis study provides evidence indicating that some of the oral microflora is significantly altered by waterpipe smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.