ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Sex bias in MHC I-associated shaping of the adaptive immune system.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational Study Profiling the Immune Microenvironment of Pregnancy-associated Melanoma.The American Journal of dermatopathology · 2026Article
- Thymic selection of the T cell receptor repertoire is biased toward autoimmunity in females.eLife · 2026Article
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Risk Haplotype of BTNL2 Predisposes Male Patients to NSTEMI: A Genetic and Functional Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Integrated analysis of sex differences in human dendritic cell, monocyte, and natural killer cell subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Influence of Major Histocompatibility Complex Diversity on Fitness in a Social Mammal.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Tabula Sapiens reveals transcription factor expression, senescence effects, and sex-specific features in cell types from 28 human organs and tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HLA-A∗03:01 as predictive genetic biomarker for glatiramer acetate treatment response in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antigen-driven T cell responses in rheumatic diseases: insights from T cell receptor repertoire studies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- HLA gene polymorphism is a modifier of age-related breast cancer penetrance in carriers of BRCA1 pathogenic alleles.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk: A Sex-Related Analysis in Italian ASD Children and Their Siblings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific Features of the Correlation between GWAS-Noticeable Polymorphisms and Hypertension in Europeans of Russia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Contributors to the Female Sex Bias in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Prognostic markers for the clinical course in the blood of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Reference-based comparison of adaptive immune receptor repertoires.Cell reports methods · 2022Article
- Assessment of Patient-Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen Genomic Loss at Relapse After Antithymocyte Globulin-Based T-Cell-Replete Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Sex differences in Guillain Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and experimental autoimmune neuritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HLA associations, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire bias, and sex bias have independently been shown for many diseases. While some immunological differences between the sexes have been described, they do not fully explain bias in men toward many infections/cancers, and toward women in autoimmunity. Next-generation TCR variable beta chain (TCRBV) immunosequencing of 824 individuals was evaluated in a multiparametric analysis including HLA-A -B/MHC class I background, TCRBV usage, sex, age, ethnicity, and TCRBV selection/expansion dynamics. We found that HLA-associated shaping of TCRBV usage differed between the sexes. Furthermore, certain TCRBVs were selected and expanded in unison. Correlations between these TCRBV relationships and biochemical similarities in HLA-binding positions were different in CD8 T cells of patients with autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) compared with healthy controls. Within patients, men showed higher TCRBV relationship Spearman's rhos in relation to HLA-binding position similarities compared with women. In line with this, CD8 T cells of men with autoimmune diseases also showed higher degrees of TCRBV perturbation compared with women. Concerted selection and expansion of CD8 T cells in patients with autoimmune diseases, but especially in men, appears to be less dependent on high HLA-binding similarity than in CD4 T cells. These findings are consistent with studies attributing autoimmunity to processes of epitope spreading and expansion of low-avidity T cell clones and may have further implications for the interpretation of pathogenic mechanisms of infectious and autoimmune diseases with known HLA associations. Reanalysis of some HLA association studies, separating the data by sex, could be informative.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.