ArticlePsychological medicine2018
Differential neural reward mechanisms in treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurofunctional representations of instrumental learning in psychosis: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychological differences between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Abnormal prediction error processing in schizophrenia and depression.Human brain mapping · 2021Pooled it
- Frontal lobe functioning during a simple response conflict task in first-episode psychosis and its relationship to treatment response.Brain imaging and behavior · 2019Trial
- Large language models can extract metadata for annotation of human neuroimaging publications.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2025Article
- Fiber architecture in the human ventromedial striatum and its relation with the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Deterioration in cognitive control related mPFC function underlying development of treatment resistance in early psychosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Dopamine Dynamics and Neurobiology of Non-Response to Antipsychotics, Relevance for Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Graph-Theory-Based Degree Centrality Combined with Machine Learning Algorithms Can Predict Response to Treatment with Antipsychotic Medications in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia.Disease markers · 2022Article
- The White Matter Functional Abnormalities in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.Neural plasticity · 2022Article
- The role of cognitive control in the positive symptoms of psychosis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Article
- Striatal Dopamine and Reward Prediction Error Signaling in Unmedicated Schizophrenia Patients.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Article
- [A preliminary study on schizophrenia of distinct antipsychotic response based on diffusion tensor imaging].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2020Article
- Neural Mechanisms of Social and Nonsocial Reward Prediction Errors in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2020Article
- Inflammation and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Implications for Reward Processing and Motivational Deficits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Neuroimaging markers of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: An overview of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Neural correlates of positive and negative symptoms through the illness course: an fMRI study in early psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Clinical Course, Neurobiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Toward an Integrated View.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Genetic and Neuroimaging Correlates.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe significant proportion of schizophrenia patients refractory to treatment, primarily directed at the dopamine system, suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie psychotic symptoms. Reinforcement learning tasks have been employed in schizophrenia to assess dopaminergic functioning and reward processing, but these have not directly compared groups of treatment-refractory and non-refractory patients.
methodsIn the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 21 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), 21 patients with non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (NTR), and 24 healthy controls (HC) performed a probabilistic reinforcement learning task, utilizing emotionally valenced face stimuli which elicit a social bias toward happy faces. Behavior was characterized with a reinforcement learning model. Trial-wise reward prediction error (RPE)-related neural activation and the differential impact of emotional bias on these reward signals were compared between groups.
resultsPatients showed impaired reinforcement learning relative to controls, while all groups demonstrated an emotional bias favoring happy faces. The pattern of RPE signaling was similar in the HC and TRS groups, whereas NTR patients showed significant attenuation of RPE-related activation in striatal, thalamic, precentral, parietal, and cerebellar regions. TRS patients, but not NTR patients, showed a positive relationship between emotional bias and RPE signal during negative feedback in bilateral thalamus and caudate.
conclusionTRS can be dissociated from NTR on the basis of a different neural mechanism underlying reinforcement learning. The data support the hypothesis that a favorable response to antipsychotic treatment is contingent on dopaminergic dysfunction, characterized by aberrant RPE signaling, whereas treatment resistance may be characterized by an abnormality of a non-dopaminergic mechanism - a glutamatergic mechanism would be a possible candidate.
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