ArticleBMJ open2018
Economic burden of schizophrenia in Italy: a probabilistic cost of illness analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06127004 (Metacognitive Training for Negative Symptoms), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metacognitive Training for Negative Symptoms (MCT Minus)
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- The global economic burden of schizophrenia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses with reconstructed primary-study cost data.Health economics review · 2026Review
- The awareness, characterization, and burden of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia (CIAS) in clinical practice: Results from a nationwide survey in Italy.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- The dynamics of mental health policy in Iran over the last century.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Risperidone Decreases Expression of Serotonin Receptor-2A (5-HT2A) and Serotonin Transporter (SERT) but Not Dopamine Receptors and Dopamine Transporter (DAT) in PBMCs from Patients with Schizophrenia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The patient journey project in Italian mental health services: results from a co-designed survey on clinical interventions and current barriers to improve the care of people living with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Aerobic Exercise Improves the Overall Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among People With Mental Disorders.Depression and anxiety · 2024Review
- Healthcare utilization and economics evaluation of paliperidone palmitate once-monthly in schizophrenia: a one-year, real-world, and retrospective mirror image study in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Hospital resource utilisation from HPV-related diseases in England: a real-world cost analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Article
- Healthcare burden and factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Understanding the Economic Value and Impacts on Informal Carers of People Living with Mental Health Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Incidence and Costs of Adverse Events Associated with Antidepressants: Results from a Systematic Review, Network Meta-Analysis and Multi-Country Economic Model.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Effect of long-acting injectable antipsychotics on hospitalizations and global functioning in schizophrenia: a naturalistic mirror-image study.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Human papillomavirus in Italy: retrospective cohort analysis and preliminary vaccination effect from real-world data.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2021Observational
- Economic Impact of Schizophrenia from a Hospital and Social Security System Perspective in Italy.Clinical drug investigation · 2021Article
- Healthcare Costs for People with Serious Mental Illness in England: An Analysis of Costs Across Primary Care, Hospital Care, and Specialist Mental Healthcare.Applied health economics and health policy · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSchizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disease with highly variable treatment pathways and consequent economic impacts on resource utilisation. The aim of the study was to estimate the economic burden of schizophrenia in Italy for both the societal and Italian National Healthcare perspective.
methodsA probabilistic cost of illness model was applied. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify epidemiological and economic data. Direct costs were calculated in terms of drugs, hospitalisations, specialist services, residential and semiresidential facilities. Indirect costs were calculated on the basis of patients' and caregivers' loss of productivity. In addition, the impact of disability compensation was taken into account using a database from the Italian National Social Security Institute -Italy (INPS).
resultsOverall, 303 913 prevalent patients with schizophrenia were estimated. Of these, 212 739 (70%) were diagnosed and 175 382 (82%) were treated with antipsychotics. The total economic burden was estimated at €2.7 billion (95% CI €1771.93 to €3988.65), 50.5% due to indirect costs and 49.5% to direct costs. Drugs corresponded to 10% of direct costs and hospitalisations (including residential and semiresidential facilities) accounted for 81%.
conclusionsThis study highlighted that indirect costs and hospitalisations (including residential and semiresidential facilities) play a major role within the expenses associated with schizophrenia in Italy, and this may be considered as a tool for public decision-makers.
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