Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29438435›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Population-based validation of a German version of the Brief Resilience Scale.

Andrea Chmitorz, Mario Wenzel, Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz, Angela Kunzler, Christiana Bagusat, Isabella Helmreich, Anna Gerlicher, Miriam Kampa, Thomas Kubiak, Raffael Kalisch and 2 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 137 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04571775 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Investigation of Possible Effects of a Lifestyle Product in a Double-blind Pre-Post-Between-Groups Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorWaveguard GmbHRan2020 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsHealthy LifestyleArmsQi-Shield user group, Sham Qi-Shield user group
NCT07505641 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Breathing and Decision-Making (ProlEx-Context)

TypeinterventionalSponsorGerman Institute of Human NutritionRan2026 to 2027Enrolled50ConditionsBreathing Techniques, Stress Management, Decision-MakingArmsInstructed Prolonged Exhalation, Instructed Individualized Eupnea
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  5. A Group Intervention to Promote Resilience in Nursing Professionals: A Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Trial
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  15. Observational
  16. High-Caloric Realimentation and Mental and Physical Well-Being in Patients With Extreme Anorexia Nervosa. A Prospective Study.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
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  20. Examining Resilience in Those With and Without Suicidal Ideation.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article

77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Andrea ChmitorzDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5398-642X
Mario WenzelHealth Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Rolf-Dieter StieglitzDepartment of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Angela KunzlerDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Christiana BagusatDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Isabella HelmreichDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Anna GerlicherDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Miriam KampaDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Thomas KubiakHealth Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Raffael KalischDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Klaus LiebDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Oliver TüscherDeutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smith and colleagues developed the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to assess the individual ability to recover from stress despite significant adversity. This study aimed to validate the German version of the BRS. We used data from a population-based (sample 1: n = 1.481) and a representative (sample 2: n = 1.128) sample of participants from the German general population (age ≥ 18) to assess reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to compare one- and two-factorial models from previous studies with a method-factor model which especially accounts for the wording of the items. Reliability was analyzed. Convergent validity was measured by correlating BRS scores with mental health measures, coping, social support, and optimism. Reliability was good (α = .85, ω = .85 for both samples). The method-factor model showed excellent model fit (sample 1: χ2/df = 7.544; RMSEA = .07; CFI = .99; SRMR = .02; sample 2: χ2/df = 1.166; RMSEA = .01; CFI = 1.00; SRMR = .01) which was significantly better than the one-factor model (Δχ2(4) = 172.71, p < .001) or the two-factor model (Δχ2(3) = 31.16, p < .001). The BRS was positively correlated with well-being, social support, optimism, and the coping strategies active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor. It was negatively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and the coping strategies religion, denial, venting, substance use, and self-blame. To conclude, our results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the German adaptation of the BRS as well as the unidimensional structure of the scale once method effects are accounted for.

Indexed as

Resilience, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBehavior Rating ScaleFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, PsychologicalYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID29438435
PMCPMC5811014

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.