ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Regulation of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro and in Immunodeficient and Humanized Tumor Mice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: research insights and sensitization strategies.Molecular cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms of resistance and emerging approaches: a narrative review.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2026Article
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Glioblastoma: A Risk Score Model for TMZ Resistance and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Biology · 2025Article
- Detection of Human Circulating and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in Serum of Humanized Mice Transplanted with Human Breast Cancer (HER2International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a tumor-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint restricting T-cell immunity.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Radiolabelling and preclinical characterisation of [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
- Enhancing immunogenic responses through CDK4/6 and HIF2α inhibition in Merkel cell carcinoma.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Scoparone attenuates PD-L1 expression in human breast cancer cells by MKP-3 upregulation.Animal cells and systems · 2024Article
- Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in ERFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Potential of Dietary HDAC2i in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Article
- PD-1 Independent Role of PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting ATAD3A-PINK1-mitophagy axis overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by redirecting PD-L1 to mitochondria.Cell research · 2023Article
- Variable Intrinsic Expression of Immunoregulatory Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Mammospheres, and Co-Cultures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Evaluation PD-L1, CD8 and CD20 as early predictor and tracking markers for breast cancer (BC) in Egypt.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Impact of Diets on Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) Therapy against Tumors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Quantification of the growth suppression of HER2+ breast cancer colonies under the effect of trastuzumab and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Improving Breast Cancer Responses to Immunotherapy-a Search for the Achilles Heel of the Tumor Microenvironment.Current oncology reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is an efficient strategy of tumor cells to escape immunological eradiation. However, only little is known about the factors that affect the cellular expression levels. Here we assessed the PD-L1 expression on different breast cancer cell lines under standard in vitro culture conditions and as a function of Epirubicin or Paclitaxel treatment. Moreover, we evaluated the expression in immunodeficient tumor mice as well as in humanized tumor mice (i.e., in the presence of a human immune system). We found highest PD-L1 levels in JIMT-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Epirubicin treatment caused a decrease and Paclitaxel treatment an increased PD-L1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, we identified nuclear PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. All in vivo transplanted breast cancer cell lines downregulated PD-L1 expression compared to their in vitro counterpart. Neither the gene copy number nor the presence of human immune system in humanized tumor mice had an effect on the PD-L1 content. We demonstrate that the degree of PD-L1 expression amongst breast cancer cell lines varies considerably. In addition, cytotoxic treatments and other extrinsic parameters differentially affect the expression. Hence, further investigations including in vivo evaluations are necessary to understand PD-L1 regulation for advanced breast cancer stratification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.