Trial reportThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2018
Improved Neurodevelopment After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children.
Trial report in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for developmental delays in children born to HIV-infected mothers: a systematic review.AIDS care · 2019Pooled it
- Trajectory Analysis of Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Perinatal HIV.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Trial
- Trial
- The effect of environment and in-utero HIV exposure on neurodevelopment in infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Unmasking Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Perinatal HIV Transmission-A Case Report.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive outcomes of children exposed to and living with HIV aged 3-5 years in Kilifi, Kenya.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- The Association among Malaria in Pregnancy, Neonatal inflammation, and Neurocognitive Development in a Cohort of Malawian Infants.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Exploring swallowing, feeding and communication characteristics of toddlers with severe acute malnutrition.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings · 2022Article
- Determinants of the psychomotor development delay in children aged 12 to 59 months infected with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Mental health of women living with HIV and its impact on child development in Andhra Pradesh, India.Vulnerable children and youth studies · 2021Article
- Neurocognitive Complications of Pediatric HIV Infections.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis after severe co-morbidity remains common in resource-limited settings. Neurodevelopmental recovery during antiretroviral therapy (ART) for late-diagnosed children is understudied. We determined 6-month neurodevelopmental trajectories in HIV-infected children initiating ART during hospitalization.
methodsHIV-infected children initiated ART after HIV diagnosis during hospitalization in Kenya. The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool was administered after clinical stabilization within 1 month and at 6 months post-ART initiation. Baseline versus 6-month Z scores for each developmental domain were compared; cofactors for change in Z scores were evaluated using linear regression.
resultsAmong 74 children, median age was 1.7 years (interquartile range, 0.8-2.4) and median Z scores for gross motor, fine motor, social and language domains were -1.34, -1.04, -0.53 and -0.95, respectively. At baseline, children with higher plasma viremia had lower social Z scores (P = 0.008). Better nourished (weight-for-age Z score [WAZ] ≥-2) children had higher Z scores in all developmental domains (all P values ≤0.05). After 6 months on ART (n = 58), gross and fine motor Z scores improved significantly (mean change 0.39; P = 0.007 and 0.43; P = 0.001, respectively), but social and language did not. Children with better immune and growth response to ART had higher gains in gross motor (0.05 per unit-gain CD4%; P = 0.04; 0.34 per unit-gain WAZ; P = 0.006 and 0.44 per unit-gain height-for-age Z score; P = 0.005), social (0.37 per unit-gain WAZ; P = 0.002) and language (0.25 per unit-gain height-for-age Z score; P = 0.01).
conclusionsChildren had significant neurodevelopmental gains during 6 months of ART, and children with better growth and immune recovery had greater improvement. Prompt commencement of ART may improve neurodevelopment in addition to immunity and growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.