Trial reportStroke2018
Lacunar Infarcts, but Not Perivascular Spaces, Are Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease.
Trial report in Stroke, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and Cognitive Function: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Biological and imaging predictors of cognitive impairment after stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Association of Lacunes with Risk Factors, Cognition, and Atrophy: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Association of MRI-Visible Perivascular Spaces With Longitudinal Cognitive Decline Over a Decade.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Vascular Dementia: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Frontiers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- The association between preoperative lacunar infarcts and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
- Glymphatic system impairment in cerebral small vessel disease: associations with perivascular space volume and cognition.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction associate with and contribute to the development of enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Perivascular space enlargement accelerates in ageing and Alzheimer's disease pathology: evidence from a three-year longitudinal multicentre study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Observational
- Relationship of Perivascular Space Markers With Incident Dementia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Stroke · 2024Article
- Increased perivascular space volume in white matter and basal ganglia is associated with cognition in Parkinson's Disease.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Overview of the Current Knowledge and Conventional MRI Characteristics of Peri- and Para-Vascular Spaces.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Quantitative Analysis of Multimodal MRI Markers and Clinical Risk Factors for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Based on Deep Learning.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- The Brain Endothelial Cell Glycocalyx Plays a Crucial Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Methods of a Study to Assess the Contribution of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Dementia Risk Alleles to Racial Disparities in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Brain Injury: Response to Injury Wound-Healing Mechanisms and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Why Are Perivascular Spaces Important?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCerebral small-vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive impairment. Perivascular spaces (PvS) occur in small-vessel disease, but their relationship to cognitive impairment remains uncertain. One reason may be difficulty in distinguishing between lacunes and PvS. We determined the relationship between baseline PvS score and PvS volume with change in cognition over a 5-year follow-up. We compared this to the relationship between baseline lacune count and total lacune volume with cognition. In addition, we examined change in PvS volume over time.
methodsData from the prospective SCANS study (St Georges Cognition and Neuroimaging in Stroke) of patients with symptomatic lacunar stroke and confluent leukoaraiosis were used (n=121). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging was performed annually for 3 years and neuropsychological testing annually for 5 years. Lacunes were manually identified and distinguished from PvS. PvS were rated using a validated visual rating scale, and PvS volumes calculated using T1-weighted images. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the impact of PvS and lacunes on cognition.
resultsBaseline PvS scores or volumes showed no association with cognitive indices. No change was detectable in PvS volumes over the 3 years. In contrast, baseline lacunes associated with all cognitive indices and predicted cognitive decline over the 5-year follow-up.
conclusionsAlthough a feature of small-vessel disease, PvS are not a predictor of cognitive decline, in contrast to lacunes. This study highlights the importance of carefully differentiating between lacunes and PvS in studies investigating vascular cognitive impairment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.